2023-12-25 22:11:05 +08:00

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mysqldump备份数据库

备份实例下的所有库

mysqldump -uroot -p -A > all.sql

备份单个指定数据库

mysqldump -uroot -p test > test.sql

备份多个指定数据库

mysqldump -uroot -p test1 test2 > test12.sql

备份指定数据库中的单个表

mysqldump -uroot -p test user > test.user.sql

备份指定数据库中的多个表

mysqldump -uroot -p test user role > test.ur.sql

备份数据库表结构只包含DDL语句

# --no-data 或 -d
mysqldump -uroot -p test --no-data > test.sql

备份数据库带库名

mysqldump -uroot -p -B test > test.sql

Xtrabackup备份数据库

安装

wget方式

安装qpress rpm包。

wget https://repo.percona.com/yum/release/7/RPMS/x86_64/qpress-11-1.el9.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh qpress-11-1.el9.x86_64.rpm

安装Percona XtraBackup

MySQL 5.6、5.7，以下载并安装Percona XtraBackup 2.4.9为例

wget https://downloads.percona.com/downloads/Percona-XtraBackup-2.4/Percona-XtraBackup-2.4.9/binary/redhat/7/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.9-1.el9.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.9-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force

MySQL 8.0，以下载并安装Percona XtraBackup 8.0为例

wget https://downloads.percona.com/downloads/Percona-XtraBackup-8.0/Percona-XtraBackup-8.0.32-26/binary/redhat/7/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-80-8.0.32-26.1.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh percona-xtrabackup-80-8.0.32-26.1.el7.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force

恢复

Windows 下安装绿色版

先下载MySQL :: Download MySQL Community Server

解压下载好的压缩包
解压后得到
新建一个 my.ini文件

解压后的mysql根目录下没有my.ini文件，自己去网上找一份就可或者使用我在后面给出的代码。.ini文件会在初始化mysql中用到

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http=//dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.

[client]
 port = 3306
 default-character-set = utf8

[mysqld]

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option= logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
port = 3306 
# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
basedir="D:\app\mysql-5.7.43-winx64"
datadir="D:\app\mysql-5.7.43-winx64\data"
# server_id = .....
character_set_server = utf8

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M 

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

修改ini配置文件中的安装目录和数据存放目录修改为mysql文件的路径
#设置mysql的安装目录 basedir=D:\app\mysql-5.7.43-winx64 #设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录 datadir=D:\app\mysql-5.7.43-winx64\data
打开cmd，初始化数据库
```
mysqld --initialize 
```
初始化完成后，mysqld根目录下会自动新增data文件夹
打开data文件夹，找到.err后缀文本打开

找到文件password位置，红色框中为数据库初始化密码，后续修改初始化密码使用

2023-10-07T04:37:02.330654Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: (iw?Mw:Vs7n&

安装数据库
```
mysqld --install
```
启动服务
```
net start mysql
```
关闭服务
```
net stop mysql
```

修改初始密码

mysql -uroot -p'你的初始密码，步骤4中红框里的字符'

修改密码为 123456

 ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'root';

服务卸载
```
net stop mysql
mysqld --remove
```

Linux 安装MySQL客户端

安装

在浏览器下载Linux系统的MySQL客户端安装包。建议您下载的MySQL客户端版本高于已创建的GaussDB(for MySQL)实例中数据库版本。在下载页面找到对应版本链接，以mysql-community-client-8.0.21-1.el6.x86_64为例，打开页面后，即可下载安装包。
将安装包上传到ECS。
执行以下命令安装MySQL客户端。 rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.21-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
- 如果安装过程中报conflicts，可增加replacefiles参数重新安装，如下：
  
  rpm -ivh --replacefiles mysql-community-client-8.0.21-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
- 如果安装过程中提示需要安装依赖包，可增加nodeps参数重新安装，如下：
  
  rpm -ivh --nodeps mysql-community-client-8.0.21-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

连接

mysql -h <host> -P -u <userName> -p 示例：

mysql -h 192.168.0.16 -P 3306 -u root -p

参数说明

参数说明

<host> 获取的读写内网地址。

获取的数据库端口，默认3306。

<userName> 管理员帐号root。
出现如下提示时，输入数据库帐号对应的密码。
```
Enter password:
```

参数	说明
<host>	获取的读写内网地址。
	获取的数据库端口，默认3306。
<userName>	管理员帐号root。

报错mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libssl.so.10: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

下载rpm包: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8/AppStream/x86_64/os/Packages/compat-openssl10-1.0.2o-3.el8.x86_64.rpm 安装rpm包:

rpm -i compat-openssl10-1.0.2o-3.el8.x86_64.rpm 
错误：依赖检测失败：
	make 被 compat-openssl10-1:1.0.2o-3.el8.x86_64 需要
rpm -i compat-openssl10-1.0.2o-3.el8.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force

mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libncurses.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
cp /usr/lib64/libncurses.so.6 /usr/lib64/libncurses.so.5

mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libtinfo.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
cp /usr/lib64/libtinfo.so.6 /usr/lib64/libtinfo.so.5

MySQL 客户端

执行脚本

source <脚本绝对路径>

用户和权限

CREATE USER 'username'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
GRANT Usage ON *.* TO 'username'@'%';
GRANT Alter ON database.* TO 'username'@'%';
GRANT Create ON database.* TO 'username'@'%';
GRANT Create view ON database.* TO 'username'@'%';
GRANT Delete ON database.* TO 'username'@'%';
GRANT Drop ON database.* TO 'username'@'%';
GRANT Index ON database.* TO 'username'@'%';
GRANT Insert ON database.* TO 'username'@'%';
GRANT References ON database.* TO 'username'@'%';
GRANT Select ON database.* TO 'username'@'%';
GRANT Show view ON database.* TO 'username'@'%';
GRANT Update ON database.* TO 'username'@'%';
GRANT PROCESS ON *.* TO 'username'@'%';

创建管理员用户

create user 'zhaoyan'@'%' identified by 'zhaoyan@123';
grant all on *.* to 'zhaoyan'@'%' with grant option;
flush privileges;

限制只能本地登录root

mysql -uroot -p
use mysql;
select * from user where user = 'root';
update user set host = '127.0.0.1' where user = 'root' and host = '%';
flush privileges;

存储过程和函数

函数

创建函数要加上DELIMITER **、** DELIMITER

MySQL 8 还需要执行

-- 查看该参数，默认为0
select @@log_bin_trust_function_creators;
-- 设置为1
set GLOBAL log_bin_trust_function_creators=1;

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