# mysqldump备份数据库

## 备份实例下的所有库

```shell
mysqldump -uroot -p -A > all.sql
```

## 备份单个指定数据库

```shell
mysqldump -uroot -p test > test.sql
```

## 备份多个指定数据库

```shell
mysqldump -uroot -p test1 test2 > test12.sql
```

## 备份指定数据库中的单个表

```shell
mysqldump -uroot -p test user > test.user.sql
```

## 备份指定数据库中的多个表

```shell
mysqldump -uroot -p test user role > test.ur.sql
```

## 备份数据库表结构只包含DDL语句

```shell
# --no-data 或 -d
mysqldump -uroot -p test --no-data > test.sql
```

## 备份数据库带库名

```shell
mysqldump -uroot -p -B test > test.sql
```

# Xtrabackup备份数据库

## 安装

### wget方式

1. 安装qpress rpm包。
   ```shell
   wget https://repo.percona.com/yum/release/7/RPMS/x86_64/qpress-11-1.el9.x86_64.rpm
   rpm -ivh qpress-11-1.el9.x86_64.rpm
   ```
   
2. 安装Percona XtraBackup

   - MySQL 5.6、5.7，以下载并安装Percona XtraBackup 2.4.9为例
     ```shell
     wget https://downloads.percona.com/downloads/Percona-XtraBackup-2.4/Percona-XtraBackup-2.4.9/binary/redhat/7/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.9-1.el9.x86_64.rpm
     
     rpm -ivh percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.9-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force
     ```

   - MySQL 8.0，以下载并安装Percona XtraBackup 8.0为例
     ```shell
     wget https://downloads.percona.com/downloads/Percona-XtraBackup-8.0/Percona-XtraBackup-8.0.32-26/binary/redhat/7/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-80-8.0.32-26.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
     
     rpm -ivh percona-xtrabackup-80-8.0.32-26.1.el7.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force
     ```

## 恢复





# Windows 下安装 绿色版

先下载[MySQL :: Download MySQL Community Server](https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/)

![image-20231007124717167](https://markdownhexo.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/img/image-20231007124717167.png)

1. 解压下载好的压缩包
   ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210120105901505.png#pic_left)

2. 解压后得到
   ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210120105247435.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0NXZVFpbg==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center)

3. 新建一个 `my.ini`文件
   ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210120110525427.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0NXZVFpbg==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center)

4. 解压后的mysql根目录下没有my.ini文件，自己去网上找一份就可或者使用我在后面给出的代码。.ini文件会在初始化mysql中用到
   ```ini
   # For advice on how to change settings please see
   # http=//dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
   # *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
   # *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
   # *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.
   
   [client]
    port = 3306
    default-character-set = utf8
   
   [mysqld]
    
   # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
   # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
   # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
    
   # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option= logging
   # changes to the binary log between backups.
   # log_bin
   port = 3306 
   # These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
   basedir="D:\app\mysql-5.7.43-winx64"
   datadir="D:\app\mysql-5.7.43-winx64\data"
   # server_id = .....
   character_set_server = utf8
    
   # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
   # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
   # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
   # join_buffer_size = 128M
   # sort_buffer_size = 2M
   # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M 
    
   sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
   
   ```

5. 修改ini配置文件中的安装目录和数据存放目录修改为mysql文件的路径

6. \#设置mysql的安装目录
   basedir=D:\app\mysql-5.7.43-winx64
   \#设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录
   datadir=D:\app\mysql-5.7.43-winx64\data

7. 打开cmd，初始化数据库
   ```powershell
   mysqld --initialize 
   ```

8. 初始化完成后，mysqld根目录下会自动新增data文件夹
   ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210120153744844.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0NXZVFpbg==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center)

9. 打开data文件夹，找到.err后缀文本打开
   ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210120153933128.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0NXZVFpbg==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center)

10. 找到文件password位置，红色框中为数据库初始化密码，后续修改初始化密码使用
    ```err
    2023-10-07T04:37:02.330654Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: (iw?Mw:Vs7n&
    ```

11. 安装数据库
    ```powershell
    mysqld --install
    ```

12. 启动服务
    ```powershell
    net start mysql
    ```

13. 关闭服务
    ```powershell
    net stop mysql
    ```

14. 修改初始密码

    - 登录
      ```powershell
      mysql -uroot -p'你的初始密码，步骤4中红框里的字符'
      ```

    - 修改密码为 123456
      ```mysql
       ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'root';
      ```

15. 服务卸载
    ```powershell
    net stop mysql
    mysqld --remove
    ```

# Linux 安装MySQL客户端

## 安装

1. 在浏览器下载Linux系统的MySQL客户端安装包。建议您下载的MySQL客户端版本高于已创建的GaussDB(for MySQL)实例中数据库版本。
    在下载页面找到对应版本[链接](https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/file/?id=496982)，以mysql-community-client-8.0.21-1.el6.x86_64为例，打开页面后，即可下载安装包。
    ![img](MySQL/zh-cn_image_0000001729034977.png)

2. 将安装包上传到ECS。

3. 执行以下命令安装MySQL客户端。
   rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.21-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

   > - 如果安装过程中报conflicts，可增加replacefiles参数重新安装，如下：
   >
   >   rpm -ivh --replacefiles mysql-community-client-8.0.21-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
   >
   > - 如果安装过程中提示需要安装依赖包，可增加nodeps参数重新安装，如下：
   >
   >   rpm -ivh --nodeps mysql-community-client-8.0.21-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

## 连接

1. **mysql -h** <*host*> **-P** *<port>* **-u** <*userName*> **-p**
   示例：

   mysql -h 192.168.0.16 -P 3306 -u root -p

   参数说明

   | 参数         | 说明                         |
   | ------------ | ---------------------------- |
   | <*host*>     | 获取的读写内网地址。         |
   | *<port>*     | 获取的数据库端口，默认3306。 |
   | <*userName*> | 管理员帐号root。             |

2. 出现如下提示时，输入数据库帐号对应的密码。
   ```mysql
   Enter password:
   ```

3. 报错mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libssl.so.10: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

   下载rpm包:
   https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8/AppStream/x86_64/os/Packages/compat-openssl10-1.0.2o-3.el8.x86_64.rpm
   安装rpm包:

   ```shell
   rpm -i compat-openssl10-1.0.2o-3.el8.x86_64.rpm 
   错误：依赖检测失败：
   	make 被 compat-openssl10-1:1.0.2o-3.el8.x86_64 需要
   rpm -i compat-openssl10-1.0.2o-3.el8.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force
   
   mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libncurses.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
   cp /usr/lib64/libncurses.so.6 /usr/lib64/libncurses.so.5
   
   mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libtinfo.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
   cp /usr/lib64/libtinfo.so.6 /usr/lib64/libtinfo.so.5
   ```
   
   

# MySQL 客户端

执行脚本

```mysql
source <脚本绝对路径>
```

# 用户和权限

```mysql
CREATE USER 'username'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
GRANT Usage ON *.* TO 'username'@'%';
GRANT Alter ON database.* TO 'username'@'%';
GRANT Create ON database.* TO 'username'@'%';
GRANT Create view ON database.* TO 'username'@'%';
GRANT Delete ON database.* TO 'username'@'%';
GRANT Drop ON database.* TO 'username'@'%';
GRANT Index ON database.* TO 'username'@'%';
GRANT Insert ON database.* TO 'username'@'%';
GRANT References ON database.* TO 'username'@'%';
GRANT Select ON database.* TO 'username'@'%';
GRANT Show view ON database.* TO 'username'@'%';
GRANT Update ON database.* TO 'username'@'%';
GRANT PROCESS ON *.* TO 'username'@'%';
```

## 创建管理员用户

```mysql
create user 'zhaoyan'@'%' identified by 'zhaoyan@123';
grant all on *.* to 'zhaoyan'@'%' with grant option;
flush privileges;
```

## 限制只能本地登录root

```mysql
mysql -uroot -p
use mysql;
select * from user where user = 'root';
update user set host = '127.0.0.1' where user = 'root' and host = '%';
flush privileges;
```

# 存储过程和函数

## 函数

创建函数要加上**DELIMITER $$**、**$$ DELIMITER**

MySQL 8 还需要执行

```mysql
-- 查看该参数，默认为0
select @@log_bin_trust_function_creators;
-- 设置为1
set GLOBAL log_bin_trust_function_creators=1;
```