wenyongda
a12e1365d6
补充完整的PowerShell终端增强配置教程，包括PSFzf安装配置、分版本的PS7+/5.1终端配置、Starship Catppuccin主题配置、快捷键速查和常见问题解答
1112 lines
33 KiB
Markdown
1112 lines
33 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: PowerShell
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date: 2023-10-07 11:25:08
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tags: [PowerShell, Windows, Shell, 命令行]
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categories: [开发工具, Windows]
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---
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# PowerShell 7 使用 Oh My Posh 来美化命令行
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## 安装 PowerShell 7
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`PowerShell 7` 指的不是系统自带的 `powershell` ，而是新下载的(微软官方出品)，当然这个教程也适用于系统自带的 `powershell`
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微软官方文档地址：https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/scripting/install/installing-powershell-on-windows?view=powershell-7.2
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下载地址：https://github.com/PowerShell/PowerShell/releases
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或者可通过 Winget 方式下载安装
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```powershell
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winget search --id Microsoft.PowerShell
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```
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Output
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```powershell
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Name Id Version Source
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---------------------------------------------------------------
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PowerShell Microsoft.PowerShell 7.5.4.0 winget
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PowerShell Preview Microsoft.PowerShell.Preview 7.6.0.5 winget
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```
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使用 `--id` 参数安装 PowerShell 或 PowerShell 预览版
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```powershell
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winget install --id Microsoft.PowerShell --source winget
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```
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```powershell
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winget install --id Microsoft.PowerShell.Preview --source winget
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```
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## 安装 Oh My Posh
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官方文档地址：https://ohmyposh.dev/
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最好在管理员模式下运行 `powershell`
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下载安装，在 `powershell` 命令行中输入
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```powershell
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winget install oh-my-posh
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```
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在 `powershell` 命令行中输入下面命令，打开 `$Profile` 进行设置，如果系统提示不存文件，是否创建，请点击创建
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```powershell
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notepad $Profile
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```
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将以下命令添加到 `$Profile` 文件中
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```powershell
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oh-my-posh init pwsh | Invoke-Expression
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```
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应用修改，则直接在命令行中执行 `. $Profile` ，如果出现错误等问题，请尝试关闭所有 `powershell` 命令窗口，重新打开，一般都会正常显示
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### 配置环境变量
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配置 `POSH_THEMES_PATH` 环境变量，最好配置成系统级别的，路径在 `C:\Users\<当前登录用户>\AppData\Local\Programs\oh-my-posh\themes` 下面。
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### 更改主题
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在 `powerShell` 命令行中输入 `Get-ChildItem $env:POSH_THEMES_PATH` 来获取所有的已安装主题
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**预览主题（官方推荐方式）：** 由于在终端里一次性渲染所有主题会很卡，官方建议直接去网页上看截图，然后记住名字即可。
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- **[Oh My Posh 官方主题预览页 (Themes)](https://ohmyposh.dev/docs/themes)**
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编辑 `$Profile` 文件
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```powershell
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notepad $Profile
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```
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把 `oh-my-posh init pwsh ...` 的部分後面加上 `--config "$env:POSH_THEMES_PATH/{主題名稱}.omp.json"`。
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将其内部文字改为：
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```powershell
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oh-my-posh init pwsh --config "$env:POSH_THEMES_PATH/montys.omp.json" | Invoke-Expression
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```
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## 扩展模块
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### PowerShellGet
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> [PowerShellGet](https://github.com/PowerShell/PowerShellGet) 是 Windows 平台上的包管理器，主要用于管理 PowerShell 模块，但也支持其他类型的包。
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以系统管理员权限打开**PowerShell**终端，执行以下命令：
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```powershell
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Install-Module -Name PowerShellGet -Force
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```
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### [posh-git](https://github.com/dahlbyk/posh-git)
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> [posh-git](https://github.com/dahlbyk/posh-git)是一款用于 Windows 系统的 PowerShell 扩展模块，它主要为 Git 提供了更加丰富且人性化的命令行界面体验。
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以系统管理员权限打开**PowerShell**终端，执行以下命令：
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```powershell
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PowerShellGet\Install-Module posh-git -Scope CurrentUser -Force
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```
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### [PSReadLine](https://github.com/PowerShell/PSReadLine)
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> [PSReadLine](https://github.com/PowerShell/PSReadLine)用于增强命令行编辑体验的模块，提供语法高亮/命令预测/历史记录管理以及提供了丰富的快捷键和编辑命令。
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以系统管理员权限打开**PowerShell**终端，执行以下命令：
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```powershell
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Install-Module PSReadLine -Force
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```
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### [PSFzf](https://github.com/kelleymaureen/PSFzf)
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> [PSFzf](https://github.com/kelleymaureen/PSFzf) 是 fzf 的 PowerShell 集成模块，提供模糊搜索历史命令和文件功能。
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```powershell
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# 安装 PSFzf 模块
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Install-Module PSFzf -Scope CurrentUser -Force
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# 安装 fzf 本体（PSFzf 的底层依赖）
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winget install junegunn.fzf
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```
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## 终端增强配置（Starship + PSReadLine）
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> 参考：[PowerShell 终端增强配置指南](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/DV-T4Tr4KaonFdgutuzhQQ)
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### 前置准备
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#### 确认 PowerShell 版本
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```powershell
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$PSVersionTable.PSVersion
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```
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- 主版本号为 `5` → 使用 **PS5.1 方案**
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- 主版本号为 `7` → 使用 **PS7+ 方案**
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#### 确认 Profile 文件路径
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```powershell
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# 查看路径
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echo $PROFILE
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# 若文件不存在则创建
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if (!(Test-Path $PROFILE)) {
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New-Item -ItemType File -Path $PROFILE -Force
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}
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# 用 VSCode 打开编辑
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code $PROFILE
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```
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> PS5.1 的 Profile 路径通常为：`C:\Users\<用户名>\Documents\WindowsPowerShell\Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1`
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>
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> PS7+ 的 Profile 路径通常为：`C:\Users\<用户名>\Documents\PowerShell\Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1`
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>
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> 两个版本的 Profile **互相独立**，需分别配置。
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#### 设置执行策略（如遇权限报错）
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```powershell
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Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser
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```
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### 一次性安装依赖
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#### PowerShell 7+ 安装依赖
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```powershell
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# 1. 信任 PSGallery
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Set-PSRepository -Name PSGallery -InstallationPolicy Trusted
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# 2. 安装最新版 PSReadLine
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Install-Module PSReadLine -Force -Scope CurrentUser
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# 3. 安装 posh-git
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Install-Module posh-git -Scope CurrentUser -Force
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# 4. 安装 PSFzf
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Install-Module PSFzf -Scope CurrentUser -Force
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# 5. 安装 fzf 本体
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winget install junegunn.fzf
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```
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#### PowerShell 5.1 安装依赖
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```powershell
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# 1. 信任 PSGallery
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Set-PSRepository -Name PSGallery -InstallationPolicy Trusted
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# 2. 安装 PSReadLine（PS5.1 最高兼容 2.3.x，必须指定版本）
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Install-Module PSReadLine -RequiredVersion 2.3.4 -Force -Scope CurrentUser -SkipPublisherCheck
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# 3. 安装 posh-git
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Install-Module posh-git -Scope CurrentUser -Force
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# 4. 安装 PSFzf
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Install-Module PSFzf -Scope CurrentUser -Force
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# 5. 安装 fzf 本体
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winget install junegunn.fzf
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```
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### Starship 配置
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Starship 是跨平台的提示符工具，支持 Windows、Linux、macOS。
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#### 安装 Starship
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```powershell
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winget install --id Starship.Starship
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```
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#### 配置文件位置
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Windows 下配置文件路径：`~/.config/starship.toml`
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```powershell
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# 创建配置目录和文件
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mkdir -p ~/.config
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New-Item -Path ~/.config/starship.toml -ItemType File -Force
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# 用 VSCode 打开编辑
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code ~/.config/starship.toml
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```
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#### 完整配置（Catppuccin Mocha 主题）
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将以下内容粘贴到 `starship.toml` 文件中：
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```toml
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"$schema" = 'https://starship.rs/config-schema.json'
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format = """
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[](red)\
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$os\
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$username\
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[](bg:peach fg:red)\
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$directory\
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[](bg:yellow fg:peach)\
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$git_branch\
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$git_status\
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[](fg:yellow bg:green)\
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$c\
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$rust\
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$golang\
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$nodejs\
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$bun\
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$php\
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$java\
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$kotlin\
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$haskell\
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$python\
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[](fg:green bg:sapphire)\
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$conda\
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[](fg:sapphire bg:lavender)\
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$time\
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[ ](fg:lavender)\
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$cmd_duration\
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$line_break\
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$character"""
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palette = 'catppuccin_mocha'
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[os]
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disabled = false
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style = "bg:red fg:crust"
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[os.symbols]
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Windows = ""
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Ubuntu = ""
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SUSE = ""
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Raspbian = ""
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Mint = ""
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Macos = ""
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Manjaro = ""
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Linux = ""
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Gentoo = ""
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Fedora = ""
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Alpine = ""
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Amazon = ""
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Android = ""
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AOSC = ""
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Arch = ""
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Artix = ""
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CentOS = ""
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Debian = ""
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Redhat = ""
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RedHatEnterprise = ""
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[username]
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show_always = true
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style_user = "bg:red fg:crust"
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style_root = "bg:red fg:crust"
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format = '[ $user]($style)'
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[directory]
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style = "bg:peach fg:crust"
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format = "[ $path ]($style)"
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truncation_length = 3
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truncation_symbol = "…/"
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[directory.substitutions]
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"Documents" = " "
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"Downloads" = " "
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"Music" = " "
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"Pictures" = " "
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"Developer" = " "
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[git_branch]
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symbol = ""
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style = "bg:yellow"
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format = '[[ $symbol $branch ](fg:crust bg:yellow)]($style)'
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[git_status]
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style = "bg:yellow"
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format = '[[($all_status$ahead_behind )](fg:crust bg:yellow)]($style)'
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[nodejs]
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symbol = ""
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style = "bg:green"
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format = '[[ $symbol( $version) ](fg:crust bg:green)]($style)'
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[bun]
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symbol = ""
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style = "bg:green"
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format = '[[ $symbol( $version) ](fg:crust bg:green)]($style)'
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[c]
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symbol = " "
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style = "bg:green"
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format = '[[ $symbol( $version) ](fg:crust bg:green)]($style)'
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[rust]
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symbol = ""
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style = "bg:green"
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format = '[[ $symbol( $version) ](fg:crust bg:green)]($style)'
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[golang]
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symbol = ""
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style = "bg:green"
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format = '[[ $symbol( $version) ](fg:crust bg:green)]($style)'
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[php]
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symbol = ""
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style = "bg:green"
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format = '[[ $symbol( $version) ](fg:crust bg:green)]($style)'
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[java]
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symbol = " "
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style = "bg:green"
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format = '[[ $symbol( $version) ](fg:crust bg:green)]($style)'
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[kotlin]
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symbol = ""
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style = "bg:green"
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format = '[[ $symbol( $version) ](fg:crust bg:green)]($style)'
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[haskell]
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symbol = ""
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style = "bg:green"
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format = '[[ $symbol( $version) ](fg:crust bg:green)]($style)'
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[python]
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symbol = ""
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style = "bg:green"
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format = '[[ $symbol( $version)(\(#$virtualenv\)) ](fg:crust bg:green)]($style)'
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[docker_context]
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symbol = ""
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style = "bg:sapphire"
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format = '[[ $symbol( $context) ](fg:crust bg:sapphire)]($style)'
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[conda]
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symbol = " "
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style = "fg:crust bg:sapphire"
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format = '[$symbol$environment ]($style)'
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ignore_base = false
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[time]
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disabled = false
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time_format = "%R"
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style = "bg:lavender"
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format = '[[ $time ](fg:crust bg:lavender)]($style)'
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[line_break]
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disabled = false
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[character]
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disabled = false
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success_symbol = '[❯](bold fg:green)'
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error_symbol = '[❯](bold fg:red)'
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vimcmd_symbol = '[❮](bold fg:green)'
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vimcmd_replace_one_symbol = '[❮](bold fg:lavender)'
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vimcmd_replace_symbol = '[❮](bold fg:lavender)'
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vimcmd_visual_symbol = '[❮](bold fg:yellow)'
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[cmd_duration]
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show_milliseconds = true
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format = " in $duration "
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style = "bg:lavender"
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disabled = false
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show_notifications = true
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min_time_to_notify = 45000
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[palettes.catppuccin_mocha]
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rosewater = "#f5e0dc"
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flamingo = "#f2cdcd"
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pink = "#f5c2e7"
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mauve = "#cba6f7"
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red = "#f38ba8"
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maroon = "#eba0ac"
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peach = "#fab387"
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yellow = "#f9e2af"
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green = "#a6e3a1"
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teal = "#94e2d5"
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sky = "#89dceb"
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sapphire = "#74c7ec"
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blue = "#89b4fa"
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lavender = "#b4befe"
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text = "#cdd6f4"
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subtext1 = "#bac2de"
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subtext0 = "#a6adc8"
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overlay2 = "#9399b2"
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overlay1 = "#7f849c"
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overlay0 = "#6c7086"
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surface2 = "#585b70"
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surface1 = "#45475a"
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surface0 = "#313244"
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base = "#1e1e2e"
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mantle = "#181825"
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crust = "#11111b"
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[palettes.catppuccin_frappe]
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rosewater = "#f2d5cf"
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flamingo = "#eebebe"
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pink = "#f4b8e4"
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mauve = "#ca9ee6"
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red = "#e78284"
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maroon = "#ea999c"
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peach = "#ef9f76"
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yellow = "#e5c890"
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green = "#a6d189"
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teal = "#81c8be"
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sky = "#99d1db"
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sapphire = "#85c1dc"
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blue = "#8caaee"
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lavender = "#babbf1"
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text = "#c6d0f5"
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subtext1 = "#b5bfe2"
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subtext0 = "#a5adce"
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overlay2 = "#949cbb"
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overlay1 = "#838ba7"
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overlay0 = "#737994"
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surface2 = "#626880"
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surface1 = "#51576d"
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surface0 = "#414559"
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base = "#303446"
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mantle = "#292c3c"
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crust = "#232634"
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[palettes.catppuccin_latte]
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rosewater = "#dc8a78"
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flamingo = "#dd7878"
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pink = "#ea76cb"
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mauve = "#8839ef"
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red = "#d20f39"
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maroon = "#e64553"
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peach = "#fe640b"
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yellow = "#df8e1d"
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green = "#40a02b"
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teal = "#179299"
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sky = "#04a5e5"
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sapphire = "#209fb5"
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blue = "#1e66f5"
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lavender = "#7287fd"
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text = "#4c4f69"
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subtext1 = "#5c5f77"
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subtext0 = "#6c6f85"
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overlay2 = "#7c7f93"
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overlay1 = "#8c8fa1"
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overlay0 = "#9ca0b0"
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surface2 = "#acb0be"
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surface1 = "#bcc0cc"
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surface0 = "#ccd0da"
|
||
base = "#eff1f5"
|
||
mantle = "#e6e9ef"
|
||
crust = "#dce0e8"
|
||
|
||
[palettes.catppuccin_macchiato]
|
||
rosewater = "#f4dbd6"
|
||
flamingo = "#f0c6c6"
|
||
pink = "#f5bde6"
|
||
mauve = "#c6a0f6"
|
||
red = "#ed8796"
|
||
maroon = "#ee99a0"
|
||
peach = "#f5a97f"
|
||
yellow = "#eed49f"
|
||
green = "#a6da95"
|
||
teal = "#8bd5ca"
|
||
sky = "#91d7e3"
|
||
sapphire = "#7dc4e4"
|
||
blue = "#8aadf4"
|
||
lavender = "#b7bdf8"
|
||
text = "#cad3f5"
|
||
subtext1 = "#b8c0e0"
|
||
subtext0 = "#a5adcb"
|
||
overlay2 = "#9399b7"
|
||
overlay1 = "#8087a2"
|
||
overlay0 = "#6e738d"
|
||
surface2 = "#5b6078"
|
||
surface1 = "#494d64"
|
||
surface0 = "#363a4f"
|
||
base = "#24273a"
|
||
mantle = "#1e2030"
|
||
crust = "#181926"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 切换主题
|
||
|
||
修改 `palette` 字段即可切换主题：
|
||
|
||
```toml
|
||
# 可选值：catppuccin_mocha（默认）、catppuccin_frappe、catppuccin_latte、catppuccin_macchiato
|
||
palette = 'catppuccin_mocha'
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 验证配置
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
# 检查 Starship 版本
|
||
starship --version
|
||
|
||
# 测试配置是否正确
|
||
starship config
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 完整 Profile 配置
|
||
|
||
#### PowerShell 7+ Profile
|
||
|
||
将以下内容完整粘贴到 `$PROFILE` 文件中：
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
|
||
# PowerShell 7+ Profile
|
||
# 功能：动态窗口标题 + 智能自动补全 + Starship 集成
|
||
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
|
||
|
||
# ── 模块导入 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
|
||
Import-Module PSReadLine
|
||
Import-Module posh-git -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
|
||
Import-Module PSFzf -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
|
||
|
||
# ── PSReadLine 配置 ──────────────────────────────────────────
|
||
# PS7+ 支持 HistoryAndPlugin（结合历史和插件两种来源预测）
|
||
Set-PSReadLineOption -PredictionSource HistoryAndPlugin
|
||
|
||
# PS7+ 支持 ListView（下拉候选列表，比 InlineView 更直观）
|
||
Set-PSReadLineOption -PredictionViewStyle ListView
|
||
|
||
Set-PSReadLineOption -HistorySearchCursorMovesToEnd
|
||
Set-PSReadLineOption -MaximumHistoryCount 10000
|
||
|
||
Set-PSReadLineOption -Colors @{
|
||
Command = 'Cyan'
|
||
Parameter = 'DarkCyan'
|
||
String = 'Yellow'
|
||
Operator = 'Magenta'
|
||
Variable = 'Green'
|
||
Comment = 'DarkGray'
|
||
InlinePrediction = 'DarkGray'
|
||
ListPrediction = 'DarkCyan'
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
# ── 快捷键绑定 ───────────────────────────────────────────────
|
||
Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key Tab -Function MenuComplete
|
||
Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key Shift+Tab -Function MenuComplete
|
||
Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key Ctrl+Spacebar -Function PossibleCompletions
|
||
Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key UpArrow -Function HistorySearchBackward
|
||
Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key DownArrow -Function HistorySearchForward
|
||
Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key Ctrl+r -Function ReverseSearchHistory
|
||
# F2 可在 InlineView 和 ListView 之间实时切换（PS7+ 专属）
|
||
Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key F2 -Function SwitchPredictionView
|
||
|
||
# ── PSFzf 配置 ───────────────────────────────────────────────
|
||
if (Get-Module PSFzf -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {
|
||
Set-PSFzfOption -PSReadLineChordProvider 'Ctrl+t'
|
||
Set-PSFzfOption -PSReadLineChordReverseHistory 'Ctrl+r'
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
# ── WinGet 补全 ──────────────────────────────────────────────
|
||
if (Get-Command winget -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {
|
||
Register-ArgumentCompleter -Native -CommandName winget -ScriptBlock {
|
||
param($wordToComplete, $commandAst, $cursorPosition)
|
||
# PS7+ 推荐显式设置编码，避免中文路径乱码
|
||
[Console]::InputEncoding = [System.Text.Utf8Encoding]::new()
|
||
[Console]::OutputEncoding = [System.Text.Utf8Encoding]::new()
|
||
$word = $wordToComplete.Replace('"', '""')
|
||
$ast = $commandAst.ToString().Replace('"', '""')
|
||
winget complete --word="$word" --commandline "$ast" --position $cursorPosition |
|
||
ForEach-Object {
|
||
[System.Management.Automation.CompletionResult]::new($_, $_, 'ParameterValue', $_)
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
# ── 动态窗口标题（Starship 钩子）────────────────────────────
|
||
# Starship 会在每次渲染 Prompt 前自动调用此函数
|
||
function Invoke-Starship-PreCommand {
|
||
$dirName = Split-Path -Leaf $PWD.Path
|
||
$branch = ""
|
||
if (Test-Path ".git" -PathType Container) {
|
||
try {
|
||
$b = git branch --show-current 2>$null
|
||
if ($b) { $branch = " [$b]" }
|
||
} catch {}
|
||
}
|
||
$isAdmin = ([Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal] `
|
||
[Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).IsInRole(
|
||
[Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole]::Administrator)
|
||
$adminTag = if ($isAdmin) { " ⚡ADMIN" } else { "" }
|
||
$host.UI.RawUI.WindowTitle = "PS · $dirName$branch$adminTag"
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
# ── PowerToys CommandNotFound ────────────────────────────────
|
||
Import-Module -Name Microsoft.WinGet.CommandNotFound
|
||
#f45873b3-b655-43a6-b217-97c00aa0db58
|
||
|
||
# ── Starship 初始化（必须放最后）────────────────────────────
|
||
Invoke-Expression (&starship init powershell)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### PowerShell 5.1 Profile
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
|
||
# PowerShell 5.1 Profile
|
||
# 功能：动态窗口标题 + 智能自动补全 + Starship 集成
|
||
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
|
||
|
||
# ── 模块导入 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
|
||
Import-Module PSReadLine
|
||
Import-Module posh-git -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
|
||
Import-Module PSFzf -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
|
||
|
||
# ── PSReadLine 配置 ──────────────────────────────────────────
|
||
# PS5.1 仅支持 History，不支持 HistoryAndPlugin
|
||
Set-PSReadLineOption -PredictionSource History
|
||
|
||
# PS5.1 仅支持 InlineView，不支持 ListView
|
||
Set-PSReadLineOption -PredictionViewStyle InlineView
|
||
|
||
Set-PSReadLineOption -HistorySearchCursorMovesToEnd
|
||
Set-PSReadLineOption -MaximumHistoryCount 10000
|
||
|
||
Set-PSReadLineOption -Colors @{
|
||
Command = 'Cyan'
|
||
Parameter = 'DarkCyan'
|
||
String = 'Yellow'
|
||
Operator = 'Magenta'
|
||
Variable = 'Green'
|
||
Comment = 'DarkGray'
|
||
InlinePrediction = 'DarkGray'
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
# ── 快捷键绑定 ───────────────────────────────────────────────
|
||
Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key Tab -Function MenuComplete
|
||
Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key Shift+Tab -Function MenuComplete
|
||
Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key Ctrl+Spacebar -Function PossibleCompletions
|
||
Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key UpArrow -Function HistorySearchBackward
|
||
Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key DownArrow -Function HistorySearchForward
|
||
Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key Ctrl+r -Function ReverseSearchHistory
|
||
|
||
# ── PSFzf 配置 ───────────────────────────────────────────────
|
||
if (Get-Module PSFzf -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {
|
||
Set-PSFzfOption -PSReadLineChordProvider 'Ctrl+t'
|
||
Set-PSFzfOption -PSReadLineChordReverseHistory 'Ctrl+r'
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
# ── WinGet 补全 ──────────────────────────────────────────────
|
||
if (Get-Command winget -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {
|
||
Register-ArgumentCompleter -Native -CommandName winget -ScriptBlock {
|
||
param($wordToComplete, $commandAst, $cursorPosition)
|
||
$word = $wordToComplete.Replace('"', '""')
|
||
$ast = $commandAst.ToString().Replace('"', '""')
|
||
winget complete --word="$word" --commandline "$ast" --position $cursorPosition |
|
||
ForEach-Object {
|
||
[System.Management.Automation.CompletionResult]::new($_, $_, 'ParameterValue', $_)
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
# ── 动态窗口标题（Starship 钩子）────────────────────────────
|
||
function Invoke-Starship-PreCommand {
|
||
$dirName = Split-Path -Leaf $PWD.Path
|
||
$branch = ""
|
||
if (Test-Path ".git" -PathType Container) {
|
||
try {
|
||
$b = git branch --show-current 2>$null
|
||
if ($b) { $branch = " [$b]" }
|
||
} catch {}
|
||
}
|
||
$isAdmin = ([Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal] `
|
||
[Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).IsInRole(
|
||
[Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole]::Administrator)
|
||
$adminTag = if ($isAdmin) { " ⚡ADMIN" } else { "" }
|
||
$host.UI.RawUI.WindowTitle = "PS · $dirName$branch$adminTag"
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
# ── Starship 初始化（必须放最后）────────────────────────────
|
||
Invoke-Expression (&starship init powershell)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 功能说明
|
||
|
||
#### 动态窗口标题
|
||
|
||
标题由以下三部分拼接而成：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
PS · <当前目录名> [<Git分支>] <管理员标识>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**示例效果：**
|
||
|
||
| 场景 | 窗口标题 |
|
||
|------|----------|
|
||
| 普通目录 | `PS · Downloads` |
|
||
| Git 仓库 | `PS · my-project [main]` |
|
||
| 管理员身份 | `PS · System32 ⚡ADMIN` |
|
||
| 管理员 + Git | `PS · infra [feat/deploy] ⚡ADMIN` |
|
||
|
||
**实现原理：** 利用 Starship 预留的 `Invoke-Starship-PreCommand` 钩子函数，在每次渲染 Prompt 之前执行，与 Starship 完全兼容，无冲突。
|
||
|
||
#### 自动补全配置
|
||
|
||
配置分为四个层次，可按需选择叠加：
|
||
|
||
| 层次 | 功能 | 说明 |
|
||
|------|------|------|
|
||
| Layer 1 | PSReadLine 历史预测 | 输入部分命令后，灰色文字实时预测完整命令，按 `→` 接受 |
|
||
| Layer 2 | Tab 菜单补全 | 按 `Tab` 弹出候选菜单，上下键选择，`Enter` 确认 |
|
||
| Layer 3 | posh-git 补全 | 为 `git` 命令提供子命令、分支名、远程名等补全 |
|
||
| Layer 4 | PSFzf 模糊搜索 | `Ctrl+R` 调出交互式历史命令搜索窗口，支持模糊匹配 |
|
||
|
||
### 快捷键速查
|
||
|
||
| 快捷键 | 功能 | PS5.1 | PS7+ |
|
||
|--------|------|-------|------|
|
||
| `→` | 接受行内预测 | ✅ | ✅ |
|
||
| `Tab` | 菜单补全，循环切换候选 | ✅ | ✅ |
|
||
| `Shift+Tab` | 反向切换候选 | ✅ | ✅ |
|
||
| `Ctrl+Space` | 显示所有候选项 | ✅ | ✅ |
|
||
| `↑ / ↓` | 按前缀过滤历史记录 | ✅ | ✅ |
|
||
| `Ctrl+R` | fzf 模糊历史搜索 | ✅ | ✅ |
|
||
| `Ctrl+T` | fzf 模糊文件查找 | ✅ | ✅ |
|
||
| `F2` | 切换 InlineView / ListView | ❌ | ✅ |
|
||
|
||
### 版本功能对照
|
||
|
||
| 功能 | PS5.1 | PS7+ | 说明 |
|
||
|------|-------|------|------|
|
||
| `PredictionSource History` | ✅ | ✅ | 基于历史命令预测 |
|
||
| `PredictionSource HistoryAndPlugin` | ❌ | ✅ | 额外加入插件预测源 |
|
||
| `PredictionViewStyle InlineView` | ✅ | ✅ | 行内灰字预测 |
|
||
| `PredictionViewStyle ListView` | ❌ | ✅ | 下拉候选列表 |
|
||
| `F2` 切换预测视图 | ❌ | ✅ | 实时切换两种视图 |
|
||
| PSReadLine 最高版本 | 2.3.x | 最新版 | 安装时需注意 |
|
||
| posh-git | ✅ | ✅ | 版本一致 |
|
||
| PSFzf | ✅ | ✅ | 版本一致 |
|
||
| WinGet 补全 | ✅ | ✅ | 编码处理略有差异 |
|
||
| Starship 钩子 | ✅ | ✅ | 函数名一致 |
|
||
| 动态窗口标题 | ✅ | ✅ | 实现方式一致 |
|
||
|
||
> PS5.1 缺少的 `ListView` 和 `HistoryAndPlugin` 可通过 PSFzf 的 `Ctrl+R` 模糊搜索弥补，日常体验差距不大。
|
||
|
||
### 常见问题
|
||
|
||
#### 执行 `. $PROFILE` 报执行策略错误
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 模块安装报 NuGet 错误
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
Install-PackageProvider -Name NuGet -MinimumVersion 2.8.5.201 -Force
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### PSReadLine 安装后不生效
|
||
|
||
PS5.1 系统自带一个旧版 PSReadLine，新版安装在用户目录下，需确认加载的是新版：
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
Get-Module PSReadLine | Select-Object Name, Version, Path
|
||
# Path 应包含 CurrentUser 路径，而非 System32
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
如果仍加载旧版，在 Profile 最顶部显式指定：
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
Remove-Module PSReadLine -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
|
||
Import-Module PSReadLine -RequiredVersion 2.3.4
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### fzf / PSFzf 的 Ctrl+R 不弹出窗口
|
||
|
||
确认 fzf 本体已安装且在 PATH 中：
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
fzf --version
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
如果命令不存在，重新安装并重启终端：
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
winget install junegunn.fzf
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 窗口标题不更新
|
||
|
||
确认 `Invoke-Starship-PreCommand` 函数定义在 `Invoke-Expression (&starship init powershell)` **之前**，因为 Starship init 会注册对该钩子的调用，函数本身需要提前存在。
|
||
|
||
#### posh-git 导致启动变慢
|
||
|
||
posh-git 在大型仓库中可能扫描较慢，可设置跳过未跟踪文件统计：
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
$GitPromptSettings.EnableFileStatus = $false
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 编辑oh-my-posh配置文件
|
||
|
||
打开**PowerShell**终端，执行以下命令编辑配置文件 `code $PROFILE`：
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key Tab -Function MenuComplete #Tab键会出现自动补全菜单
|
||
Set-PSReadlineKeyHandler -Key UpArrow -Function HistorySearchBackward
|
||
Set-PSReadlineKeyHandler -Key DownArrow -Function HistorySearchForward #上下方向键箭头，搜索历史中进行自动补全
|
||
|
||
oh-my-posh init pwsh --config "$env:POSH_THEMES_PATH/jandedobbeleer.omp.json" | Invoke-Expression
|
||
Import-Module posh-git # git的自动补全
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
# 文件
|
||
|
||
## 新建文件
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
New-Item <文件名>.<扩展名后缀>
|
||
New-Item my.ini
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 删除文件
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
Remove-Item <文件名>.<扩展名后缀>
|
||
Remove-Item my.ini
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 对文件添加内容
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
Set-Content <文件名>.<扩展名后缀> -value "<内容>"
|
||
Set-Content my.ini -value ""
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 新建文件夹
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
New-Item data -ItemType Directory
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
# 目录
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
# 查询版本
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
$PSVersionTable
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
在输出的信息中，查看 **`PSVersion`** 这一行。
|
||
|
||
**示例输出解读：**
|
||
|
||
- **Major**: 主版本号（如 5 或 7）。
|
||
- **Minor**: 次版本号。
|
||
- 如果显示 `5.1.xxxxx`，这是 Windows 自带的 **Windows PowerShell**。
|
||
- 如果显示 `7.x.x`，这是跨平台的 **PowerShell (Core)**。
|
||
|
||
仅查看版本号（简洁）
|
||
|
||
如果你不需要其他详细信息，只想看版本号，可以使用这个命令：
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
$PSVersionTable.PSVersion
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
或者使用宿主查询命令（虽然通常一致，但在某些特殊宿主环境下可能不同）：
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
(Get-Host).Version
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
从 CMD (命令提示符) 查看
|
||
|
||
如果你当前在 CMD 窗口，不想进入 PowerShell 也能查看：
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
powershell -command "$PSVersionTable.PSVersion"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 补充说明：常见的两个主要版本
|
||
|
||
- **Windows PowerShell 5.1**：这是 Windows 10 和 Windows 11 默认自带的版本（蓝色背景图标）。微软已不再为其开发新功能，仅进行维护。
|
||
- **PowerShell 7.x**：这是微软目前主推的跨平台版本（黑色背景图标），性能更强，功能更多。
|
||
|
||
# 做 sudo 命令
|
||
|
||
在Windows系统上sudo对应的就是管理员权限了。
|
||
|
||
一般使用Powershell时，并不会管理员启动，当执行需要权限的命令（比如net start mysql），就需要以管理员打开新的窗口。
|
||
|
||
为了一步到位，这里给powershell创建一个`alias` -> `sudo` 来运行需要管理员权限的命令。
|
||
|
||
在文档目录中(在`powershell`执行`$profile`即可输出此文件路径)，新建文件夹`WindowsPowerShell`，新建文件`Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1`。
|
||
|
||
> 此文件是在启动Powershell时执行的脚本。set-alias 在退出后就会失效，所以放到启动脚本中。
|
||
|
||
追加如下代码,**然后重启Powershell窗口。**
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
function _sudo {
|
||
$ss = "$args ; pause"
|
||
Start-Process powershell -Verb runAs -ArgumentList $ss
|
||
}
|
||
set-alias -name sudo -value _sudo
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
保存后发现无法加载，因为默认不加载外部脚本，管理员权限下 powershell 运行：
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
# 实用脚本
|
||
|
||
## 自动延长VS社区版过期时间
|
||
|
||
> 该脚本作用为 自动检查VS社区版是否在一天内过期，如是则自动延长30天
|
||
>
|
||
> 需事先从Github上Clone开源项目[beatcracker/VSCELicense: PowerShell module to get and set Visual Studio Community Edition license expiration date in registry (github.com)](https://github.com/beatcracker/VSCELicense)
|
||
>
|
||
> 然后放置在指定目录，并解除脚本执行限制，以管理员身份执行如下命令：
|
||
>
|
||
> ```powershell
|
||
> Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned
|
||
> ```
|
||
>
|
||
> 输入 A 即可
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
# 加载 VSCELicense 模块
|
||
try {
|
||
Import-Module -Name 'C:\VSCELicense\VSCELicense.psd1' -ErrorAction Stop
|
||
} catch {
|
||
Write-Error "无法加载模块 'C:\VSCELicense\VSCELicense.psd1'，请确认路径是否正确。错误信息: $_"
|
||
exit 1
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
|
||
# 获取许可证信息
|
||
try {
|
||
$output = Get-VSCELicenseExpirationDate -ErrorAction Stop | Out-String
|
||
} catch {
|
||
Write-Error "执行 Get-VSCELicenseExpirationDate 时出错: $_"
|
||
exit 1
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
# 使用正则表达式提取版本号和过期日期
|
||
$version = $null
|
||
$expDateStr = $null
|
||
|
||
if ($output -match '(?m)^\s*(\d{4})\s+(\d{2}/\d{2}/\d{4}\s+\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2})') {
|
||
$version = $matches[1].Trim()
|
||
$expDateStr = $matches[2].Trim()
|
||
Write-Host "找到版本: $version"
|
||
Write-Host "过期日期: $expDateStr"
|
||
} else {
|
||
Write-Error "无法从输出中找到版本和过期日期"
|
||
exit 1
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
# 将过期日期字符串解析为 DateTime 对象
|
||
try {
|
||
$expirationDate = [datetime]::ParseExact($expDateStr, 'dd/MM/yyyy HH:mm:ss', $null)
|
||
} catch {
|
||
Write-Error "日期格式解析失败: $expDateStr. 错误: $_"
|
||
exit 1
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
# 获取当前时间并设置阈值
|
||
$currentTime = Get-Date
|
||
$threshold = $currentTime.AddDays(1)
|
||
|
||
Write-Host "当前时间: $currentTime"
|
||
Write-Host "过期时间: $expirationDate"
|
||
Write-Host "阈值时间（当前时间 + 1天）: $threshold"
|
||
|
||
# 判断是否在1天内过期 -le 表示小于等于 想起了 Mybatis-Plus 条件构造器中的 le
|
||
if ($expirationDate -le $threshold) {
|
||
Write-Host "许可证即将过期，正在执行 Set-VSCELicenseExpirationDate 命令..."
|
||
try {
|
||
Set-VSCELicenseExpirationDate -Version $version -ErrorAction Stop
|
||
Write-Host "Set-VSCELicenseExpirationDate 命令执行成功。"
|
||
} catch {
|
||
Write-Error "执行 Set-VSCELicenseExpirationDate 时出错: $_"
|
||
exit 1
|
||
}
|
||
} else {
|
||
Write-Host "许可证未在一天内过期，无需操作。"
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
输出如下：
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
可结合任务计划程序进行使用，免去手动执行的烦恼
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### 🧩 步骤 1：打开任务计划程序
|
||
|
||
1. 按下 `Win + R`，输入 `taskschd.msc`，回车。
|
||
2. 在左侧的“任务计划程序库”中，右键选择“创建任务”。
|
||
|
||
### 🧩 步骤 2：设置任务基本信息
|
||
|
||
- 常规
|
||
|
||
选项卡：
|
||
|
||
- 名称：例如 `Check-VS-LicenseExpiration`
|
||
- 描述（可选）：每天早上 7 点检查许可证过期状态
|
||
- 勾选“不管用户是否登录都要运行”
|
||
- 勾选“使用最高权限”
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### 🧩 步骤 3：设置触发器
|
||
|
||
1. 切换到 **触发器** 选项卡。
|
||
2. 点击 **新建** 。
|
||
3. 设置：
|
||
- 开始时间：`07:00:00`
|
||
- 每天
|
||
- 勾选“启用此触发器”
|
||
4. 点击 **确定** 。
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### 🧩 步骤 4：设置操作
|
||
|
||
1. 切换到 **操作** 选项卡。
|
||
2. 点击 **新建** 。
|
||
3. 设置：
|
||
- 操作：`启动程序`
|
||
- 程序/脚本：`powershell.exe`
|
||
- 参数（可选）：`-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -File "C:\VSCELicense\Check-VS-LicenseExpiration.ps1`
|
||
- 起始于（可选）：`C:\VSCELicense`（确保路径正确）
|
||
|
||
> ✅ **说明** ：
|
||
>
|
||
> - `-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned`：允许本地脚本运行，避免执行策略限制。
|
||
> - `"C:\VSCELicense\Check-VS-LicenseExpiration.ps1"`：替换为你实际的脚本路径。
|
||
> - 如果脚本路径包含空格，请用双引号包裹。
|
||
|
||
### 🧩 步骤 5：设置条件（可选）
|
||
|
||
1. 切换到 **条件** 选项卡。
|
||
2. 可以取消勾选“只有在计算机使用交流电源时才启动此任务”，确保任务在任何电源模式下都能运行。
|
||
|
||
### 🧩 步骤 6：设置设置（可选）
|
||
|
||
1. 切换到 **设置** 选项卡。
|
||
2. 勾选“如果任务失败，按以下频率重新启动”并设置时间间隔（如每 1 分钟）。
|
||
3. 勾选“如果任务运行时间超过以下时间，则停止任务”并设置合理时间（如 1 小时）。
|
||
|
||
### 🧩 步骤 7：保存任务
|
||
|
||
1. 点击 **确定** 。
|
||
2. 如果弹出用户账户控制（UAC）提示，输入管理员凭据确认。
|