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新增多篇Linux技术文档，涵盖基础命令、文件操作、用户权限、网络配置、进程管理、软件安装、系统监控和磁盘管理等主题。每篇文档包含详细命令示例和使用说明，适合作为Linux系统管理参考手册。 文档内容包含： 1. Linux基础命令与快捷键 2. 文件操作与查找技巧 3. 用户管理与权限配置 4. 网络配置与防火墙管理 5. 进程与服务管理方法 6. 软件包管理与安装 7. 系统资源监控命令 8. 磁盘分区与LVM管理
220 lines
4.3 KiB
Markdown
220 lines
4.3 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Linux系统监控
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date: 2021-04-07 16:04:58
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author: 文永达
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top_img: https://gcore.jsdelivr.net/gh/volantis-x/cdn-wallpaper/abstract/00E0F0ED-9F1C-407A-9AA6-545649D919F4.jpeg
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tags: [Linux, Shell, 系统监控]
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categories: [操作系统, Linux]
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---
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# Linux系统监控
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## CPU信息
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### lscpu 命令
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查看 CPU 的统计信息。
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```shell
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lscpu
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```
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**输出示例**：
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```
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Architecture: x86_64
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CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
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Byte Order: Little Endian
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CPU(s): 40
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On-line CPU(s) list: 0-39
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Thread(s) per core: 2
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Core(s) per socket: 10
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Socket(s): 2
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NUMA node(s): 2
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Vendor ID: GenuineIntel
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CPU family: 6
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Model: 85
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Model name: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Silver 4210 CPU @ 2.20GHz
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Stepping: 7
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CPU MHz: 999.963
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CPU max MHz: 3200.0000
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CPU min MHz: 1000.0000
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BogoMIPS: 4400.00
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Virtualization: VT-x
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L1d cache: 32K
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L1i cache: 32K
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L2 cache: 1024K
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L3 cache: 14080K
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```
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### 查看 CPU 详细信息
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```shell
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cat /proc/cpuinfo
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```
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**输出示例**：
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```
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processor : 0
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vendor_id : GenuineIntel
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cpu family : 6
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model : 85
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model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) Silver 4210 CPU @ 2.20GHz
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stepping : 7
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microcode : 0x5003303
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cpu MHz : 999.963
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cache size : 14080 KB
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physical id : 0
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siblings : 20
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core id : 0
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cpu cores : 10
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```
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---
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## 内存信息
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### free 命令
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概要查看内存情况。
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```shell
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free -m
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```
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**输出示例**（单位：MB）：
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```
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total used free shared buff/cache available
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Mem: 31595 14770 3182 253 13643 16150
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Swap: 65535 0 65535
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```
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### 查看内存详细使用
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```shell
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cat /proc/meminfo
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```
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**输出示例**：
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```
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MemTotal: 32354112 kB
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MemFree: 3377564 kB
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MemAvailable: 16657484 kB
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Buffers: 725916 kB
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Cached: 12127832 kB
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SwapCached: 0 kB
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Active: 21031256 kB
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Inactive: 5694748 kB
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```
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---
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## 硬盘信息
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### lsblk 命令
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查看硬盘和分区分布。
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```shell
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lsblk
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```
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**输出示例**：
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```
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NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
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sda 8:0 0 447.1G 0 disk
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├─sda1 8:1 0 200M 0 part /boot/efi
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├─sda2 8:2 0 1G 0 part /boot
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├─sda3 8:3 0 380G 0 part /
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└─sda4 8:4 0 64G 0 part [SWAP]
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sdb 8:16 0 2.2T 0 disk
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└─sdb1 8:17 0 2.2T 0 part /test
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```
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### fdisk 命令
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查看硬盘和分区的详细信息。
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```shell
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fdisk -l
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```
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**输出示例**：
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```
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磁盘 /dev/sda：480.1 GB, 480103981056 字节，937703088 个扇区
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Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
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扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 4096 字节
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I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：4096 字节 / 4096 字节
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磁盘标签类型：gpt
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Disk identifier: F6E9395D-610B-4BB3-B289-8F6A96811113
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# Start End Size Type Name
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1 2048 411647 200M EFI System EFI System Partition
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2 411648 2508799 1G Microsoft basic
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3 2508800 799426559 380G Microsoft basic
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4 799426560 933644287 64G Linux swap
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```
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---
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## 网卡信息
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### 查看网卡硬件信息
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```shell
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lspci | grep -i 'eth'
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```
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**输出示例**：
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```
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04:00.0 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Inc. and subsidiaries NetXtreme BCM5720 2-port Gigabit Ethernet PCIe
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04:00.1 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Inc. and subsidiaries NetXtreme BCM5720 2-port Gigabit Ethernet PCIe
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```
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### 查看所有网络接口
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```shell
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ifconfig -a
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```
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**输出示例**：
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```
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docker0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
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inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.17.255.255
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ether 02:42:66:fe:52:a2 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
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em1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
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inet 192.168.6.20 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.6.255
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ether 2c:ea:7f:a9:fc:76 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
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```
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---
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## 综合监控
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### top 命令
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动态显示进程和系统资源使用情况。
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```shell
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top
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```
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### htop 命令
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更友好的交互式进程查看器（需安装）。
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```shell
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# 安装
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yum install -y htop
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# 运行
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htop
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``` |