XiaodaBlogSource/source/_posts/ubuntu.md

---
title: ubuntu
date: 2025-05-09 09:44:01
tags:
---

# Server

## 安装

默认选中「Try or Install Ubuntu Server」安装选项，回车（或等待 30 秒后），等待系统镜像自检并进行安装初始化。

![image-20250509094634889](http://minio.wenyongdalucky.club:9000/hexo/image-20250509094634889.png)

### 选择语言：English

![image-20250509100201646](http://minio.wenyongdalucky.club:9000/hexo/image-20250509100201646.png)

### 键盘默认：English

![image-20250509100212670](http://minio.wenyongdalucky.club:9000/hexo/image-20250509100212670.png)

### 安装类型：Ubuntu Server

选择默认第一个（会自带一些组件，方便使用）

![image-20250509100247973](http://minio.wenyongdalucky.club:9000/hexo/image-20250509100247973.png)

### 网络配置

使用 DHCP 或者 静态IP (建议这里设置好 静态IP，如果选择 DHCP，则在此界面直接选择Done 后即可)

![image-20250509100604701](http://minio.wenyongdalucky.club:9000/hexo/image-20250509100604701.png)

静态IP 选择 Edit IPv4

![image-20250509100656239](http://minio.wenyongdalucky.club:9000/hexo/image-20250509100656239.png)

然后选择 Manual

![image-20250509100804038](http://minio.wenyongdalucky.club:9000/hexo/image-20250509100804038.png)

![image-20250509102609874](http://minio.wenyongdalucky.club:9000/hexo/image-20250509102609874.png)

### 代理配置

**Configure proxy配置页面的Proxy address无需配置**

![image-20250509102734539](http://minio.wenyongdalucky.club:9000/hexo/image-20250509102734539.png)

### 镜像源配置

默认清华源

![image-20250509102858753](http://minio.wenyongdalucky.club:9000/hexo/image-20250509102858753.png)

### 安装磁盘配置

**选择安装磁盘，直接回车默认自动分配，需要手动分区的话选择 [custom storage layout]**

![image-20250509111350269](http://minio.wenyongdalucky.club:9000/hexo/image-20250509111350269.png)

选择 **custom storage layout**

![image-20250509112338500](http://minio.wenyongdalucky.club:9000/hexo/image-20250509112338500.png)

![image-20250509112354306](http://minio.wenyongdalucky.club:9000/hexo/image-20250509112354306.png)

首先分配swap分区：一般基于物理内存的 2-4倍

![image-20250509112453286](http://minio.wenyongdalucky.club:9000/hexo/image-20250509112453286.png)

/boot 分区，一般2G足以

/ 根分区，分配剩余空间

![image-20250509112822681](http://minio.wenyongdalucky.club:9000/hexo/image-20250509112822681.png)

### 设置计算机名及用户名

![image-20250509113002925](http://minio.wenyongdalucky.club:9000/hexo/image-20250509113002925.png)

### 是否升级 Ubuntu Pro

直接默认跳过即可
![image-20250509121748189](http://minio.wenyongdalucky.club:9000/hexo/image-20250509121748189.png)

### 安装 OpenSSH 服务

![image-20250509121806128](http://minio.wenyongdalucky.club:9000/hexo/image-20250509121806128.png)

### 选择预置环境

按需选取，不需要则直接选择 Done 回车继续

![image-20250509121923077](http://minio.wenyongdalucky.club:9000/hexo/image-20250509121923077.png)

安装系统中

![image-20250509122057921](http://minio.wenyongdalucky.club:9000/hexo/image-20250509122057921.png)

安装完成后重启即可

![image-20250509122413007](http://minio.wenyongdalucky.club:9000/hexo/image-20250509122413007.png)

重启完成，进入系统

![image-20250509123500684](http://minio.wenyongdalucky.club:9000/hexo/image-20250509123500684.png)

## 配置网络

![image-20250509124052044](http://minio.wenyongdalucky.club:9000/hexo/image-20250509124052044.png)

```shell
cd /etc/netplan
ls
# 编辑当前目录下以yaml扩展名的网卡配置文件
sudo vim 50-cloud-init.yaml
```

文件内容

```shell
network:
  version: 2
  ethernets:
    enp0s3:
      dhcp4: true
```

在VirtualBox中工具->网络中 增加仅主机(Host-Only)网络

![image-20250509124733922](http://minio.wenyongdalucky.club:9000/hexo/image-20250509124733922.png)

网卡如果要是DHCP就选自动配置网卡，否则手动分配就选手动配置网卡

如果选DHCP，还需要启动服务器

![image-20250509124838460](http://minio.wenyongdalucky.club:9000/hexo/image-20250509124838460.png)

配置好后，在对应虚拟机中，添加好网卡，连接方式选择仅主机(Host-Only)网络，名称选择刚刚在工具中配置的

![image-20250509125003457](http://minio.wenyongdalucky.club:9000/hexo/image-20250509125003457.png)

以上修改需要先重启虚拟机

查看是否生效，需要执行`ip a`命令

看是否有网卡名称为`enp0s8`

紧接着回到刚刚在`/etc/netplan`目录，下编辑的网卡配置文件`50-cloud-init.yaml`

增加`enp0s8`，若是自动分配网络，则直接`dhcp4: true`即可，否则按一下分配`addressed`，手动分配一个根据子网的ipv4地址，并将`dhcp4`设置为`false`

```shell
network:
  version: 2
  ethernets:
    enp0s3:
      dhcp4: true
    enp0s8:
      addresses: [192.168.56.35/24]
      dhcp4: no

```

`:wq`保存后，执行一下命令

```shell
sudo netplan generate
sudo netplan apply
```

若不报错，则修改成功，再执行`ip a`查看网卡信息

![image-20250509125542444](http://minio.wenyongdalucky.club:9000/hexo/image-20250509125542444.png)

ip地址已经生效，可以在主机里 ping 一下