159 lines
4.7 KiB
Markdown
159 lines
4.7 KiB
Markdown
# MySQL
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## mysqldump备份数据库
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### 备份实例下的所有库
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```shell
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mysqldump -uroot -p -A > all.sql
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```
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### 备份单个指定数据库
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```shell
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mysqldump -uroot -p test > test.sql
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```
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### 备份多个指定数据库
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```shell
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mysqldump -uroot -p test1 test2 > test12.sql
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```
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### 备份指定数据库中的单个表
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```shell
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mysqldump -uroot -p test user > test.user.sql
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```
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### 备份指定数据库中的多个表
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```shell
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mysqldump -uroot -p test user role > test.ur.sql
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```
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### 备份数据库表结构只包含DDL语句
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```shell
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# --no-data 或 -d
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mysqldump -uroot -p test --no-data > test.sql
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```
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### 备份数据库带库名
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```shell
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mysqldump -uroot -p -B test > test.sql
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```
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## Windows 下安装 绿色版
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先下载[MySQL :: Download MySQL Community Server](https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/)
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1. 解压下载好的压缩包
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2. 解压后得到
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3. 新建一个 `my.ini`文件
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4. 解压后的mysql根目录下没有my.ini文件，自己去网上找一份就可或者使用我在后面给出的代码。.ini文件会在初始化mysql中用到
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```ini
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# For advice on how to change settings please see
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# http=//dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
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# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
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# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
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# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.
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[client]
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port = 3306
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default-character-set = utf8
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[mysqld]
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# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
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# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
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# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
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# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option= logging
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# changes to the binary log between backups.
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# log_bin
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port = 3306
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# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
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basedir="D:\app\mysql-5.7.43-winx64"
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datadir="D:\app\mysql-5.7.43-winx64\data"
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# server_id = .....
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character_set_server = utf8
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# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
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# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
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# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
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# join_buffer_size = 128M
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# sort_buffer_size = 2M
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# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
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sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
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```
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5. 修改ini配置文件中的安装目录和数据存放目录修改为mysql文件的路径
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6. \#设置mysql的安装目录
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basedir=D:\app\mysql-5.7.43-winx64
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\#设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录
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datadir=D:\app\mysql-5.7.43-winx64\data
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7. 打开cmd，初始化数据库
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```powershell
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mysqld --initialize
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```
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8. 初始化完成后，mysqld根目录下会自动新增data文件夹
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9. 打开data文件夹，找到.err后缀文本打开
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10. 找到文件password位置，红色框中为数据库初始化密码，后续修改初始化密码使用
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```err
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2023-10-07T04:37:02.330654Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: (iw?Mw:Vs7n&
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```
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11. 安装数据库
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```powershell
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mysqld --install
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```
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12. 启动服务
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```powershell
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net start mysql
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```
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13. 关闭服务
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```powershell
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net stop mysql
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```
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14. 修改初始密码
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- 登录
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```powershell
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mysql -uroot -p'你的初始密码，步骤4中红框里的字符'
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```
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- 修改密码为 123456
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```mysql
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ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'root';
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```
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15. 服务卸载
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```powershell
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net stop mysql
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mysqld --remove
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```
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