---
title: macOS
date: 2025-09-26 22:54:01
tags: [macOS, Apple, Homebrew, 操作系统]
categories: [操作系统, macOS]
---

# 环境配置

## Homebrew

> 官网：https://brew.sh/

### 介绍

Homebrew 就像 Mac 的智能软件管家。

- 你可以用它安装需要的软件（比如 Python、MySQL），它会自动下载、安装、配置，甚至帮你处理依赖（比如装 A 需要先装 B）。
- 卸载时，它会把软件和相关文件清理干净，不留垃圾。
- 支持下载命令行工具（如`git`）和图形应用（如`chrome`）

### 安装

安装前需开启魔法，防止拉取失败。

```shell
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"
```

### 常见命令

| 操作类型 | 命令                          | 功能说明                       |
| -------- | ----------------------------- | ------------------------------ |
| 安装     | brew install [package name]   | 安装软件（自动处理依赖）       |
| 卸载     | brew uninstall [package name] | 彻底卸载软件（并自动清理依赖） |
| 更新     | brew update                   | 更新 Homebrew 本体             |
|          | brew update [package name]    | 更新指定软件                   |
|          | brew upgrade                  | 更新所有已安装软件             |
| 查询     | brew info [package name]      | 查看指定软件详细信息           |
|          | brew list                     | 列出所有已安装软件             |
| 清理     | brew cleanup -n               | 预览可清理的旧版本             |
|          | brew cleanup [package name]   | 清理指定软件的旧版本           |

### 高阶技巧

#### 服务管理系统（类似 Linux 的 systemd）

```shell
brew services start mysql # 启动 MySQL 服务
brew services stop redis # 停止 Redis 服务
brew services list # 查看所有服务状态
```

#### 精准版本控制

```shell
brew install python@3.9 # 安装指定 Python 版本为 3.9
brew pin python@3.9 # 锁定版本防止误升级
brew unpin python@3.9 # 解除锁定
```

### 卸载

```shell
# 卸载脚本（谨慎执行！）
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL <https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/uninstall.sh>)"
```

### 目录结构解析

`Homebrew`在下载软件后，会将数据放在以下目录中

| **路径**               | **作用**                     |
| ---------------------- | ---------------------------- |
| `/opt/homebrew`        | ARM 芯片主目录（M1/M2 专用） |
| `/usr/local`           | Intel 芯片主目录             |
| `/opt/homebrew/Cellar` | 所有安装的软件本体           |

## oh my zsh

通过下载脚本安装命令

```shell
sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://gitee.com/pocmon/ohmyzsh/raw/master/tools/install.sh)"
```

剩余安装过程跟 `Linux`中的保持一致。

## starship

### 安装

使用 homebrew 安装

  ```bash
  brew install starship
  ```

将初始化脚本添加到您的 shell 的配置文件中：

在 `~/.zshrc` 的最后，添加以下内容：

```ini
eval "$(starship init zsh)"
```

### 配置

```bash
vim ~/.config/starship.toml
```

内容

```toml
"$schema" = 'https://starship.rs/config-schema.json'

format = """
[](red)\
$os\
$username\
[](bg:peach fg:red)\
$directory\
[](bg:yellow fg:peach)\
$git_branch\
$git_status\
[](fg:yellow bg:green)\
$c\
$rust\
$golang\
$nodejs\
$bun\
$php\
$java\
$kotlin\
$haskell\
$python\
[](fg:green bg:sapphire)\
$conda\
[](fg:sapphire bg:lavender)\
$time\
[ ](fg:lavender)\
$cmd_duration\
$line_break\
$character"""

palette = 'catppuccin_mocha'

[os]
disabled = false
style = "bg:red fg:crust"

[os.symbols]
Windows = ""
Ubuntu = "󰕈"
SUSE = ""
Raspbian = "󰐿"
Mint = "󰣭"
Macos = "󰀵"
Manjaro = ""
Linux = "󰌽"
Gentoo = "󰣨"
Fedora = "󰣛"
Alpine = ""
Amazon = ""
Android = ""
AOSC = ""
Arch = "󰣇"
Artix = "󰣇"
CentOS = ""
Debian = "󰣚"
Redhat = "󱄛"
RedHatEnterprise = "󱄛"

[username]
show_always = true
style_user = "bg:red fg:crust"
style_root = "bg:red fg:crust"
format = '[ $user]($style)'

[directory]
style = "bg:peach fg:crust"
format = "[ $path ]($style)"
truncation_length = 3
truncation_symbol = "…/"

[directory.substitutions]
"Documents" = "󰈙 "
"Downloads" = " "
"Music" = "󰝚 "
"Pictures" = " "
"Developer" = "󰲋 "

[git_branch]
symbol = ""
style = "bg:yellow"
format = '[[ $symbol $branch ](fg:crust bg:yellow)]($style)'

[git_status]
style = "bg:yellow"
format = '[[($all_status$ahead_behind )](fg:crust bg:yellow)]($style)'

[nodejs]
symbol = ""
style = "bg:green"
format = '[[ $symbol( $version) ](fg:crust bg:green)]($style)'

[bun]
symbol = ""
style = "bg:green"
format = '[[ $symbol( $version) ](fg:crust bg:green)]($style)'

[c]
symbol = " "
style = "bg:green"
format = '[[ $symbol( $version) ](fg:crust bg:green)]($style)'

[rust]
symbol = ""
style = "bg:green"
format = '[[ $symbol( $version) ](fg:crust bg:green)]($style)'

[golang]
symbol = ""
style = "bg:green"
format = '[[ $symbol( $version) ](fg:crust bg:green)]($style)'

[php]
symbol = ""
style = "bg:green"
format = '[[ $symbol( $version) ](fg:crust bg:green)]($style)'

[java]
symbol = " "
style = "bg:green"
format = '[[ $symbol( $version) ](fg:crust bg:green)]($style)'

[kotlin]
symbol = ""
style = "bg:green"
format = '[[ $symbol( $version) ](fg:crust bg:green)]($style)'

[haskell]
symbol = ""
style = "bg:green"
format = '[[ $symbol( $version) ](fg:crust bg:green)]($style)'

[python]
symbol = ""
style = "bg:green"
format = '[[ $symbol( $version)(\(#$virtualenv\)) ](fg:crust bg:green)]($style)'

[docker_context]
symbol = ""
style = "bg:sapphire"
format = '[[ $symbol( $context) ](fg:crust bg:sapphire)]($style)'

[conda]
symbol = "  "
style = "fg:crust bg:sapphire"
format = '[$symbol$environment ]($style)'
ignore_base = false

[time]
disabled = false
time_format = "%R"
style = "bg:lavender"
format = '[[  $time ](fg:crust bg:lavender)]($style)'

[line_break]
disabled = false

[character]
disabled = false
success_symbol = '[❯](bold fg:green)'
error_symbol = '[❯](bold fg:red)'
vimcmd_symbol = '[❮](bold fg:green)'
vimcmd_replace_one_symbol = '[❮](bold fg:lavender)'
vimcmd_replace_symbol = '[❮](bold fg:lavender)'
vimcmd_visual_symbol = '[❮](bold fg:yellow)'

[cmd_duration]
show_milliseconds = true
format = " in $duration "
style = "bg:lavender"
disabled = false
show_notifications = true
min_time_to_notify = 45000

[palettes.catppuccin_mocha]
rosewater = "#f5e0dc"
flamingo = "#f2cdcd"
pink = "#f5c2e7"
mauve = "#cba6f7"
red = "#f38ba8"
maroon = "#eba0ac"
peach = "#fab387"
yellow = "#f9e2af"
green = "#a6e3a1"
teal = "#94e2d5"
sky = "#89dceb"
sapphire = "#74c7ec"
blue = "#89b4fa"
lavender = "#b4befe"
text = "#cdd6f4"
subtext1 = "#bac2de"
subtext0 = "#a6adc8"
overlay2 = "#9399b2"
overlay1 = "#7f849c"
overlay0 = "#6c7086"
surface2 = "#585b70"
surface1 = "#45475a"
surface0 = "#313244"
base = "#1e1e2e"
mantle = "#181825"
crust = "#11111b"

[palettes.catppuccin_frappe]
rosewater = "#f2d5cf"
flamingo = "#eebebe"
pink = "#f4b8e4"
mauve = "#ca9ee6"
red = "#e78284"
maroon = "#ea999c"
peach = "#ef9f76"
yellow = "#e5c890"
green = "#a6d189"
teal = "#81c8be"
sky = "#99d1db"
sapphire = "#85c1dc"
blue = "#8caaee"
lavender = "#babbf1"
text = "#c6d0f5"
subtext1 = "#b5bfe2"
subtext0 = "#a5adce"
overlay2 = "#949cbb"
overlay1 = "#838ba7"
overlay0 = "#737994"
surface2 = "#626880"
surface1 = "#51576d"
surface0 = "#414559"
base = "#303446"
mantle = "#292c3c"
crust = "#232634"

[palettes.catppuccin_latte]
rosewater = "#dc8a78"
flamingo = "#dd7878"
pink = "#ea76cb"
mauve = "#8839ef"
red = "#d20f39"
maroon = "#e64553"
peach = "#fe640b"
yellow = "#df8e1d"
green = "#40a02b"
teal = "#179299"
sky = "#04a5e5"
sapphire = "#209fb5"
blue = "#1e66f5"
lavender = "#7287fd"
text = "#4c4f69"
subtext1 = "#5c5f77"
subtext0 = "#6c6f85"
overlay2 = "#7c7f93"
overlay1 = "#8c8fa1"
overlay0 = "#9ca0b0"
surface2 = "#acb0be"
surface1 = "#bcc0cc"
surface0 = "#ccd0da"
base = "#eff1f5"
mantle = "#e6e9ef"
crust = "#dce0e8"

[palettes.catppuccin_macchiato]
rosewater = "#f4dbd6"
flamingo = "#f0c6c6"
pink = "#f5bde6"
mauve = "#c6a0f6"
red = "#ed8796"
maroon = "#ee99a0"
peach = "#f5a97f"
yellow = "#eed49f"
green = "#a6da95"
teal = "#8bd5ca"
sky = "#91d7e3"
sapphire = "#7dc4e4"
blue = "#8aadf4"
lavender = "#b7bdf8"
text = "#cad3f5"
subtext1 = "#b8c0e0"
subtext0 = "#a5adcb"
overlay2 = "#939ab7"
overlay1 = "#8087a2"
overlay0 = "#6e738d"
surface2 = "#5b6078"
surface1 = "#494d64"
surface0 = "#363a4f"
base = "#24273a"
mantle = "#1e2030"
crust = "#181926"

```



## fnm

### 通过 Homebrew 安装

```shell
brew install fnm
```

这种方式需要手动配置环境变量。

`zsh`下编辑 `~/.zshrc`环境变量配置文件，文件末尾添加以下内容。

```ini
# fnm config start
eval "$(fnm env --use-on-cd)"
# fnm config end
```

### 安装和切换 node 版本

```shell
fnm install 22
```

**查看版本**

```shell
fnm ls # 查看已安装的版本
```



## nvm

### 通过 Homebrew 安装

```shell
brew install nvm
```

这种方式需要手动配置环境变量。

`zsh`下编辑 `~/.zshrc`环境变量配置文件，文件末尾添加以下内容。

```ini
export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm"
[ -s "/opt/homebrew/opt/nvm/nvm.sh" ] && \. "/opt/homebrew/opt/nvm/nvm.sh"
[ -s "/opt/homebrew/opt/nvm/etc/bash_completion.d/nvm" ] && \. "/opt/homebrew/opt/nvm/etc/bash_completion.d/nvm"
```

`:wq`保存，然后`source ~/.zshrc`即可应用。

### 安装最新版本 node

```shell
nvm install node
```

安装后会自动`use`。

### 卸载

1. ### 清理 nvm 安装的包管理器

   ```bash
   # 切换到常用版本（例如 16），确保当前 npm 可用
   nvm use 16
   
   # 卸载 pnpm
   npm uninstall -g pnpm
   
   # 卸载 yarn
   npm uninstall -g yarn
   ```

2. ### 用 Homebrew 卸载 nvm

   ```shell
   brew uninstall nvm
   ```

3. ### 删除 nvm 的文件夹和配置

   **删除 `.nvm` 文件夹**：这个文件夹里存着所有通过 nvm 安装的 Node.js 版本和全局包。如果上一步有遗漏，这一步会彻底清理干净

   ```shell
   rm -rf ~/.nvm
   ```

4. **清理 Shell 配置文件**

   ```shell
   # 用文本编辑器打开
   vim ~/.zshrc
   ```

5. 在文件里找到类似下面这样的段落，把它们全部删除

   ```shell
   export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm"
   [ -s "/opt/homebrew/opt/nvm/nvm.sh" ] && \. "/opt/homebrew/opt/nvm/nvm.sh"
   [ -s "/opt/homebrew/opt/nvm/etc/bash_completion.d/nvm" ] && \. "/opt/homebrew/opt/nvm/etc/bash_completion.d/nvm"
   ```

   **让配置生效**：清理完成后，重新加载配置文件，或者直接关掉当前终端窗口再打开一个新的。

   ```shell
   source ~/.zshrc
   ```

## colima

### 介绍

colima 是 macOS 上的容器运行时。

### 安装

```shell
# Homebrew
brew install colima
```

启动服务

```shell
brew services start colima
```

启动 colima

```shell
colima start
```

### 卸载

```shell
colima stop
```

```shell
colima delete
```

```shell
brew uninstall colima
```

```shell
rm -rf ~/.colima
```



### 运行时

初始启动时，Colima会使用默认为Docker的用户指定的运行时启动。

#### Docker

Docker运行时需要Docker客户端。可以使用`Homebrew`安装。

```shell
brew install docker
```

Colima启动之后，您可以使用MacOS上的Docker客户端，没有其他设置。

若需使用容器编排，就还需要安装`Docker Compose`

```shell
brew install docker-compose
```

创建符号链接

使 Docker 能够找到 Docker Compose 

```shell
mkdir -p ~/.docker/cli-plugins
ln -sfn /opt/homebrew/opt/docker-compose/bin/docker-compose ~/.docker/cli-plugins/docker-compose
```

启动`COlima`并指定使用`Docker`运行时。

```shell
colima start --runtime docker
```

### 配置

#### 镜像源

停止 Colima

```shell
colima stop
```

编辑 Colima 配置文件

```shell
code ~/.colima/default/colima.yaml
```

在文件中找到 `docker: {}` 这个部分，添加或修改 `registry-mirrors` 字段，如下所示。如果文件里没有 `docker:` 部分，您可以手动在文件末尾添加。

```yaml
# ... colima.yaml 文件中的其他配置 ...

# 添加或修改 docker 部分
docker:
  registry-mirrors:
  	- https://docker.m.daocloud.io
    - https://docker.imgdb.de
    - https://docker-0.unsee.tech
    - https://docker.hlmirror.com
    - https://docker.1ms.run
    - https://cjie.eu.org
    - https://func.ink
    - https://lispy.org
    - https://docker.xiaogenban1993.com

  # 您可以添加多个，按顺序尝试

# ... colima.yaml 文件中的其他配置 ...
```

修改后保存文件。

重新启动 Colima

```shell
colima start
```

Colima 在启动时会读取配置，并自动生成虚拟机内的 `/etc/docker/daemon.json` 文件。

验证配置是否生效

```shell
# 进入 Colima 虚拟机
colima ssh

# 在虚拟机内，执行 docker info 命令并过滤出镜像源信息
docker info | grep "Registry Mirrors" -A 2 
```

如果看到类似下面的输出，就证明配置成功了：

```shell
Registry Mirrors:
  https://docker.m.daocloud.io/
  https://docker.imgdb.de/
```



## SVN

### 安装

```shell
brew install svn
```



# 常用软件

## Ghossty

### 安装

```bash
brew install --cask ghostyy
```

配置

```bash
vim ~/.config/ghostty/config
```

内容

```ini
# ============================================
# Bruce's Ghostty Config - 2026 Claude 极致稳定版
# 作者：BruceBlue
# 专为 Claude Code 优化，零报错、左右分屏、一键放大
# 重载快捷键：Cmd + Shift + ,
# ============================================

# --- Typography ---
font-family = "JetBrainsMono Nerd Font"
font-size = 14
adjust-cell-height = 2

# --- Theme and Colors ---
theme = Catppuccin Mocha

# --- Window and Appearance ---
background-opacity = 0.85
background-blur-radius = 30
macos-titlebar-style = transparent
window-padding-x = 10
window-padding-y = 8
window-save-state = always
window-theme = auto

# --- Cursor ---
cursor-style = bar
cursor-style-blink = true
cursor-opacity = 0.8

# --- Mouse ---
mouse-hide-while-typing = true
copy-on-select = clipboard

# --- Quick Terminal ---
quick-terminal-position = top
quick-terminal-screen = mouse
quick-terminal-autohide = true
quick-terminal-animation-duration = 0.15

# --- Security ---
clipboard-paste-protection = true
clipboard-paste-bracketed-safe = true

# --- Shell Integration ---
shell-integration = zsh

# --- Claude 专属优化 ---
# initial-command = /opt/homebrew/bin/claude   # 装好claude-code后再取消注释
initial-window = true
quit-after-last-window-closed = true
notify-on-command-finish = always

# --- Performance ---
scrollback-limit = 25000000

# --- 基础分屏（左右添加屏幕）---
keybind = cmd+d=new_split:right
keybind = cmd+shift+enter=toggle_split_zoom
keybind = cmd+shift+f=toggle_split_zoom

```



## iTerm2

### 安装



### 配置

#### 主题

在当前用户目录`~`下新建一个专门用于存放配置文件的文件夹，例如 `~/.dotfiles`

```shell
mkdir -p ~/.dotfiles
```

然后新建存放`iTerm2`的配置文件目录，并在其中创建存放主题的目录

```shell
mkdir -p ~/.dotfiles/iTerm-Settings/themes
```

拉取主题文件，例如`dracula`

```shell
git clone https://github.com/dracula/iterm.git ～/.dotfiles/iTerm-Settings/themes/dracula
```

## Visual Studio Code

### 配置

#### `Code` 命令

1. 打开 Visual Studio Code
2. 打开命令面板 (Command Palette)
   使用快捷键 `⌘ + Shift + P` (Command + Shift + P) 来打开命令面板。这是 VS Code 中最核心的功能入口。
3. 运行安装命令
   在弹出的命令面板输入框中，输入 `shell` 或者 `code`，它会自动筛选出相关命令。 找到并选择 **`Shell Command: Install 'code' command in PATH`** 这一项，然后按回车。
4. 输入密码授权
   系统可能会提示您输入当前 Mac 用户的登录密码，因为它需要权限在 `/usr/local/bin/` 目录下创建一个符号链接。按提示输入密码后回车即可。 如果成功，您会看到一个小的确认弹窗。
5. 重启终端
   关闭当前正在使用的所有终端窗口（无论是系统自带的 Terminal 还是 iTerm2），然后重新打开一个新的终端窗口。 这样做是为了让终端重新加载 `PATH` 环境变量，从而识别到新安装的 `code` 命令。

## HBuilderX

### 常见问题

使用cli脚本创建uniapp 运行时报错“cli项目运行依赖本地的Nodejs环境，请先安装并配置到系统环境变量后重试。”

编辑~/.bash_profile

```bash
	vim ~/.bash_profile
```

打开之后新增

```bash
#nvm环境  
export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm"  
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh"  # This loads nvm  
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion"  # This loads nvm bash_completion
```

保存退出后执行

```bash
source ~/.bash_profile
```

# 系统设置

## 键盘

### 关闭 首字母自动大写 功能

键盘 > 文字输入 > 输入法（ABC 和 简体拼音）> 编辑 > 关闭 自动大写字词的首字母

## 隐私与安全性

### 允许安装任何来源的应用程序

默认是不显示的，需通过终端，打开任何来源选项的显示

```shell
sudo spctl --master-disable
```

## 开启开发者模式

macOS每次在IDE开启debug的时候，都会出现Developer Tools Access的弹窗。

![72e12ae2-a46f-4f4e-819e-42cdc5ac1067](https://rustfs.wenyongdalucky.club:443/hexo/72e12ae2-a46f-4f4e-819e-42cdc5ac1067.png)

### 解决方案

我们只需要启用开发者模式即可

打开终端输入下边命令：

```shell
# 查看状态
DevToolsSecurity --status
# 输入密码，修改为enable，即可用
DevToolsSecurity --enable
# 输入密码，修改为disable，即关闭
DevToolsSecurity --disable
```

# 快捷键

## 创建虚拟桌面

Control + 上箭头

## 切换虚拟桌面

Control + 左右箭头

## 访问 Mission Control 

F3

## 隐藏或显示程序呜

Option + Command + D