--- title: Linux系统监控 date: 2021-04-07 16:04:58 author: 文永达 top_img: https://gcore.jsdelivr.net/gh/volantis-x/cdn-wallpaper/abstract/00E0F0ED-9F1C-407A-9AA6-545649D919F4.jpeg tags: [Linux, Shell, 系统监控] categories: [操作系统, Linux] --- # Linux系统监控 ## CPU信息 ### lscpu 命令 查看 CPU 的统计信息。 ```shell lscpu ``` **输出示例**： ``` Architecture: x86_64 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 40 On-line CPU(s) list: 0-39 Thread(s) per core: 2 Core(s) per socket: 10 Socket(s): 2 NUMA node(s): 2 Vendor ID: GenuineIntel CPU family: 6 Model: 85 Model name: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Silver 4210 CPU @ 2.20GHz Stepping: 7 CPU MHz: 999.963 CPU max MHz: 3200.0000 CPU min MHz: 1000.0000 BogoMIPS: 4400.00 Virtualization: VT-x L1d cache: 32K L1i cache: 32K L2 cache: 1024K L3 cache: 14080K ``` ### 查看 CPU 详细信息 ```shell cat /proc/cpuinfo ``` **输出示例**： ``` processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 85 model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) Silver 4210 CPU @ 2.20GHz stepping : 7 microcode : 0x5003303 cpu MHz : 999.963 cache size : 14080 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 20 core id : 0 cpu cores : 10 ``` --- ## 内存信息 ### free 命令 概要查看内存情况。 ```shell free -m ``` **输出示例**（单位：MB）： ``` total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 31595 14770 3182 253 13643 16150 Swap: 65535 0 65535 ``` ### 查看内存详细使用 ```shell cat /proc/meminfo ``` **输出示例**： ``` MemTotal: 32354112 kB MemFree: 3377564 kB MemAvailable: 16657484 kB Buffers: 725916 kB Cached: 12127832 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 21031256 kB Inactive: 5694748 kB ``` --- ## 硬盘信息 ### lsblk 命令 查看硬盘和分区分布。 ```shell lsblk ``` **输出示例**： ``` NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 447.1G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 200M 0 part /boot/efi ├─sda2 8:2 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda3 8:3 0 380G 0 part / └─sda4 8:4 0 64G 0 part [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 2.2T 0 disk └─sdb1 8:17 0 2.2T 0 part /test ``` ### fdisk 命令 查看硬盘和分区的详细信息。 ```shell fdisk -l ``` **输出示例**： ``` 磁盘 /dev/sda：480.1 GB, 480103981056 字节，937703088 个扇区 Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 4096 字节 I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：4096 字节 / 4096 字节 磁盘标签类型：gpt Disk identifier: F6E9395D-610B-4BB3-B289-8F6A96811113 # Start End Size Type Name 1 2048 411647 200M EFI System EFI System Partition 2 411648 2508799 1G Microsoft basic 3 2508800 799426559 380G Microsoft basic 4 799426560 933644287 64G Linux swap ``` --- ## 网卡信息 ### 查看网卡硬件信息 ```shell lspci | grep -i 'eth' ``` **输出示例**： ``` 04:00.0 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Inc. and subsidiaries NetXtreme BCM5720 2-port Gigabit Ethernet PCIe 04:00.1 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Inc. and subsidiaries NetXtreme BCM5720 2-port Gigabit Ethernet PCIe ``` ### 查看所有网络接口 ```shell ifconfig -a ``` ### 查看网络接口详细信息 ```shell ip link show ``` **输出示例**： ``` 1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 2: em1: mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000 link/ether 2c:ea:7f:a9:fc:76 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff ``` ### 查看网络流量统计 ```shell cat /proc/net/dev ``` **输出示例**： ``` Inter-| Receive | Transmit face |bytes packets errs drop fifo frame compressed multicast|bytes packets errs drop fifo colls carrier compressed em1: 589404500 4189635 0 245895 0 0 0 966587 3040611778 3751409 0 0 0 0 0 0 ``` ### 查看网卡详细参数 ```shell ethtool em1 ``` **输出示例**： ``` Settings for em1: Supported ports: [ TP ] Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full Speed: 100Mb/s Duplex: Full Port: Twisted Pair Auto-negotiation: on Link detected: yes ``` --- ## PCI信息 ### 查看PCI设备 ```shell lspci ``` **输出示例**： ``` 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E DMI3 Registers (rev 07) 00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation C620 Series Chipset Family USB 3.0 xHCI Controller 04:00.0 Ethernet controller: Broadcom NetXtreme BCM5720 2-port Gigabit Ethernet PCIe ``` ### 查看详细信息 ```shell lspci -v # 详细信息 lspci -vv # 更详细信息 ``` ### 查看设备树 ```shell lspci -t ``` --- ## USB信息 ### 查看USB设备 ```shell lsusb ``` **输出示例**： ``` Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub ``` ### 查看USB拓扑 ```shell lsusb -t ``` **输出示例**： ``` /: Bus 02.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/10p, 5000M /: Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/16p, 480M ``` ### 查看详细信息 ```shell lsusb -v ``` --- ## 综合监控 ### top 命令 动态显示进程和系统资源使用情况。 ```shell top ``` ### htop 命令 更友好的交互式进程查看器（需安装）。 ```shell # 安装 yum install -y htop # 运行 htop ```