# MySQL

## mysqldump备份数据库

### 备份实例下的所有库

```shell
mysqldump -uroot -p -A > all.sql
```

### 备份单个指定数据库

```shell
mysqldump -uroot -p test > test.sql
```

### 备份多个指定数据库

```shell
mysqldump -uroot -p test1 test2 > test12.sql
```

### 备份指定数据库中的单个表

```shell
mysqldump -uroot -p test user > test.user.sql
```

### 备份指定数据库中的多个表

```shell
mysqldump -uroot -p test user role > test.ur.sql
```

### 备份数据库表结构只包含DDL语句

```shell
# --no-data 或 -d
mysqldump -uroot -p test --no-data > test.sql
```

### 备份数据库带库名

```shell
mysqldump -uroot -p -B test > test.sql
```

## Windows 下安装 绿色版

先下载[MySQL :: Download MySQL Community Server](https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/)

![image-20231007124717167](https://markdownhexo.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/img/image-20231007124717167.png)

1. 解压下载好的压缩包
   ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210120105901505.png#pic_left)

2. 解压后得到
   ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210120105247435.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0NXZVFpbg==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center)

3. 新建一个 `my.ini`文件
   ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210120110525427.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0NXZVFpbg==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center)

4. 解压后的mysql根目录下没有my.ini文件，自己去网上找一份就可或者使用我在后面给出的代码。.ini文件会在初始化mysql中用到
   ```ini
   # For advice on how to change settings please see
   # http=//dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
   # *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
   # *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
   # *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.
   
   [client]
    port = 3306
    default-character-set = utf8
   
   [mysqld]
    
   # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
   # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
   # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
    
   # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option= logging
   # changes to the binary log between backups.
   # log_bin
   port = 3306 
   # These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
   basedir="D:\app\mysql-5.7.43-winx64"
   datadir="D:\app\mysql-5.7.43-winx64\data"
   # server_id = .....
   character_set_server = utf8
    
   # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
   # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
   # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
   # join_buffer_size = 128M
   # sort_buffer_size = 2M
   # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M 
    
   sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
   
   ```

5. 修改ini配置文件中的安装目录和数据存放目录修改为mysql文件的路径

6. \#设置mysql的安装目录
   basedir=D:\app\mysql-5.7.43-winx64
   \#设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录
   datadir=D:\app\mysql-5.7.43-winx64\data

7. 打开cmd，初始化数据库
   ```powershell
   mysqld --initialize 
   ```

8. 初始化完成后，mysqld根目录下会自动新增data文件夹
   ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210120153744844.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0NXZVFpbg==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center)

9. 打开data文件夹，找到.err后缀文本打开
   ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210120153933128.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0NXZVFpbg==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center)

10. 找到文件password位置，红色框中为数据库初始化密码，后续修改初始化密码使用
    ```err
    2023-10-07T04:37:02.330654Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: (iw?Mw:Vs7n&
    ```

11. 安装数据库
    ```powershell
    mysqld --install
    ```

12. 启动服务
    ```powershell
    net start mysql
    ```

13. 关闭服务
    ```powershell
    net stop mysql
    ```

14. 修改初始密码

    - 登录
      ```powershell
      mysql -uroot -p'你的初始密码，步骤4中红框里的字符'
      ```

    - 修改密码为 123456
      ```mysql
       ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'root';
      ```

15. 服务卸载
    ```powershell
    net stop mysql
    mysqld --remove
    ```