提交
This commit is contained in:
parent
88a4910def
commit
ae1152be1e
265
source/_posts/Podman.md
Normal file
265
source/_posts/Podman.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
title: Podman
|
||||
date: 2025-11-26 13:38:42
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
# Podman命令
|
||||
|
||||
Podman 是一个无守护进程（Daemonless）的容器引擎，它在大致功能上与 Docker 兼容。这意味着**大多数 Docker 命令你可以直接把 `docker` 换成 `podman` 来使用**。
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 基础与别名 (Tips)
|
||||
|
||||
如果你习惯了 Docker，可以直接在 Shell 中设置别名，这样你就不用改变肌肉记忆了：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
alias docker=podman
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 容器生命周期管理 (Container Lifecycle)
|
||||
|
||||
这些命令用于创建、启动、停止和删除容器。
|
||||
|
||||
- 运行容器 (最常用)
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# -d: 后台运行, -p: 端口映射, --name: 指定名称
|
||||
podman run -d --name my-nginx -p 8080:80 nginx:latest
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- 查看容器列表
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
podman ps # 仅查看正在运行的容器
|
||||
podman ps -a # 查看所有容器（包括已停止的）
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- 启动/停止/重启
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
podman start <容器ID或名称>
|
||||
podman stop <容器ID或名称>
|
||||
podman restart <容器ID或名称>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- 进入容器内部
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
#以交互模式进入容器的 bash/sh
|
||||
podman exec -it <容器ID或名称> /bin/bash
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- 删除容器
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
podman rm <容器ID或名称>
|
||||
podman rm -f <容器ID或名称> # 强制删除正在运行的容器
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- 查看日志
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
podman logs -f <容器ID或名称> # -f 实时跟踪日志输出
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 镜像管理 (Image Management)
|
||||
|
||||
- 拉取镜像
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
podman pull <镜像名>
|
||||
# 例如: podman pull docker.io/library/alpine:latest
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- 查看本地镜像
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
podman images
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- 删除镜像
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
podman rmi <镜像ID或名称>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- 构建镜像
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# 在当前目录根据 Dockerfile 构建
|
||||
podman build -t my-app:v1 .
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- 给镜像打标签 (Tag)
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
podman tag <源镜像ID> <新名称>:<标签>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Pod 管理 (Podman 特色)
|
||||
|
||||
Podman 的一大特色是支持 **Pod**（类似于 Kubernetes 的 Pod 概念），即一个 Pod 里可以包含多个共享网络和存储的容器。
|
||||
|
||||
- 创建一个空 Pod
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# 创建一个带有端口映射的 Pod
|
||||
podman pod create --name my-pod -p 8080:80
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- 在 Pod 中运行容器
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# 将容器加入到上面创建的 pod 中
|
||||
podman run -d --pod my-pod --name container-in-pod nginx
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- 查看 Pod 列表
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
podman pod ps
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- 停止/删除 Pod
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
podman pod stop <Pod名称>
|
||||
podman pod rm <Pod名称>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 高级功能与系统集成 (Advanced)
|
||||
|
||||
这是 Podman 最强大的地方，特别适合运维管理。
|
||||
|
||||
- **生成 Systemd 配置文件** (非常实用) Podman 可以直接生成 systemd unit 文件，让普通用户也能通过 `systemctl` 管理容器自启。
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# 为正在运行的容器生成 service 文件
|
||||
podman generate systemd --name <容器名称> --files --new
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- **Kubernetes 互操作性**
|
||||
|
||||
- **导出 YAML:** 将现有容器导出为 K8s 的 YAML 定义。
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
podman generate kube <容器或Pod名称> > my-pod.yaml
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- **运行 YAML:** 直接在 Podman 中运行 K8s 的 YAML 文件。
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
podman play kube my-pod.yaml
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- 清理系统
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# 删除所有停止的容器、未使用的网络和悬空的镜像
|
||||
podman system prune
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- 查看系统信息
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
podman info # 查看详细的存储、运行环境信息
|
||||
podman version # 查看版本
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Podman换源
|
||||
|
||||
> Podman 是一个无守护进程的容器引擎，用于在 Linux 系统上开发、管理和运行 OCI 容器。与 Docker 类似，Podman 也支持配置镜像源来加速容器镜像的拉取。
|
||||
|
||||
## Linux 系统配置
|
||||
|
||||
### 方法一：全局配置（推荐）
|
||||
|
||||
创建或编辑 Podman 的全局配置文件：
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
sudo mkdir -p /etc/containers
|
||||
sudo tee /etc/containers/registries.conf <<-'EOF'
|
||||
unqualified-search-registries = ["docker.io"]
|
||||
[[registry]]
|
||||
prefix = "docker.io"
|
||||
location = "docker.io"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "docker.1ms.run"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "docker.1panel.live"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "docker.m.ixdev.cn"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "hub.rat.dev"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "docker.xuanyuan.me"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "dockerproxy.net"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "docker-registry.nmqu.com"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "hub.amingg.com"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "docker.amingg.com"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "docker.hlmirror.com"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "hub1.nat.tf"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "hub2.nat.tf"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "hub3.nat.tf"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "hub4.nat.tf"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "docker.m.daocloud.io"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "docker.kejilion.pro"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "hub.1panel.dev"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "docker.apiba.cn"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "proxy.vvvv.ee"
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 方法二：用户级配置
|
||||
|
||||
为当前用户创建配置文件：
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
mkdir -p ~/.config/containers
|
||||
tee ~/.config/containers/registries.conf <<-'EOF'
|
||||
unqualified-search-registries = ["docker.io"]
|
||||
[[registry]]
|
||||
prefix = "docker.io"
|
||||
location = "docker.io"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "docker.1ms.run"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "docker.1panel.live"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "docker.m.ixdev.cn"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "hub.rat.dev"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "docker.xuanyuan.me"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "dockerproxy.net"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "docker-registry.nmqu.com"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "hub.amingg.com"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "docker.amingg.com"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "docker.hlmirror.com"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "hub1.nat.tf"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "hub2.nat.tf"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "hub3.nat.tf"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "hub4.nat.tf"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "docker.m.daocloud.io"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "docker.kejilion.pro"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "hub.1panel.dev"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "docker.apiba.cn"
|
||||
[[registry.mirror]]
|
||||
location = "proxy.vvvv.ee"
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
@ -4,6 +4,90 @@ date: 2023-10-07 11:25:08
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
# PowerShell 7 使用 Oh My Posh 来美化命令行
|
||||
|
||||
## 安装 PowerShell 7
|
||||
|
||||
`PowerShell 7` 指的不是系统自带的 `powershell` ，而是新下载的(微软官方出品)，当然这个教程也适用于系统自带的 `powershell`
|
||||
|
||||
微软官方文档地址：https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/scripting/install/installing-powershell-on-windows?view=powershell-7.2
|
||||
下载地址：https://github.com/PowerShell/PowerShell/releases
|
||||
或者可通过 Winget 方式下载安装
|
||||
|
||||
```powershell
|
||||
winget search --id Microsoft.PowerShell
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Output
|
||||
|
||||
```powershell
|
||||
Name Id Version Source
|
||||
---------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
PowerShell Microsoft.PowerShell 7.5.4.0 winget
|
||||
PowerShell Preview Microsoft.PowerShell.Preview 7.6.0.5 winget
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
使用 `--id` 参数安装 PowerShell 或 PowerShell 预览版
|
||||
|
||||
```powershell
|
||||
winget install --id Microsoft.PowerShell --source winget
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```powershell
|
||||
winget install --id Microsoft.PowerShell.Preview --source winget
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 安装 Oh My Posh
|
||||
|
||||
官方文档地址：https://ohmyposh.dev/
|
||||
|
||||
最好在管理员模式下运行 `powershell`
|
||||
|
||||
下载安装，在 `powershell` 命令行中输入
|
||||
|
||||
```powershell
|
||||
winget install oh-my-posh
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在 `powershell` 命令行中输入下面命令，打开 `$Profile` 进行设置，如果系统提示不存文件，是否创建，请点击创建
|
||||
|
||||
```powershell
|
||||
notepad $Profile
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
将以下命令添加到 `$Profile` 文件中
|
||||
|
||||
```powershell
|
||||
oh-my-posh init pwsh | Invoke-Expression
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
应用修改，则直接在命令行中执行 `. $Profile` ，如果出现错误等问题，请尝试关闭所有 `powershell` 命令窗口，重新打开，一般都会正常显示
|
||||
|
||||
### 配置环境变量
|
||||
|
||||
配置 `POSH_THEMES_PATH` 环境变量，最好配置成系统级别的，路径在 `C:\Users\<当前登录用户>\AppData\Local\Programs\oh-my-posh\themes` 下面。
|
||||
|
||||
### 更改主题
|
||||
|
||||
在 `powerShell` 命令行中输入 `Get-ChildItem $env:POSH_THEMES_PATH` 来获取所有的已安装主题
|
||||
|
||||
**预览主题（官方推荐方式）：** 由于在终端里一次性渲染所有主题会很卡，官方建议直接去网页上看截图，然后记住名字即可。
|
||||
|
||||
- **[Oh My Posh 官方主题预览页 (Themes)](https://ohmyposh.dev/docs/themes)**
|
||||
|
||||
编辑 `$Profile` 文件
|
||||
|
||||
```powershell
|
||||
notepad $Profile
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
把 `oh-my-posh init pwsh ...` 的部分後面加上 `--config "$env:POSH_THEMES_PATH/{主題名稱}.omp.json"`。
|
||||
将其内部文字改为：
|
||||
|
||||
```powershell
|
||||
oh-my-posh init pwsh --config "$env:POSH_THEMES_PATH/dracula.omp.json" | Invoke-Expression
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 文件
|
||||
|
||||
## 新建文件
|
||||
@ -33,6 +117,10 @@ Set-Content my.ini -value ""
|
||||
New-Item data -ItemType Directory
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 目录
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# 做 sudo 命令
|
||||
|
||||
在Windows系统上sudo对应的就是管理员权限了。
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
x
Reference in New Issue
Block a user